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| The 100MW PV power plant project |
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| solar inverter manufacturers |
Monday 29 December 2014
Pakistan 100MW PV power plant
The 100MW PV power plant project is builting in Pakistan Bahawalpur,beautiful and unable to breathe.
Wednesday 24 December 2014
Sungrow adds 20MW inverters in California Solar Project
December 9, 2014, Sungrow, the second largest PV inverter manufacturer in the world. Announced it completed the commissioning of its inverters for the TA Acacia solar project in Los Angeles County on the outskirts of Lancaster, California.
Construction of the 28.4-MWdc project took place from July to November 2014, generating more than 400 jobs during peak construction. Sungrow supplied 25 SG800MX inverters, which were integrated into 1.6-MW Integrated Power Stations to convert and connect the 94,340 Canadian Solar PV modules to the power grid. The SG800MX was released in the US in Q4 2013, has received lots of positive feedback, and has been deployed in many ground mount utility projects in US due to its superior performance and grid friendly functionality. Canadian Solar developed the project, and White Construction provided Engineering, Procurement, and Construction services (EPC). The 20 year Power Purchase Agreement with PG&E was approved by the California Public Utilities Commission, and the system was recently sold to Dominion Virginia Power. The total system output will be enough to power more than 6,100 homes and offset a total of 31,500 tons of carbon dioxide.
“The 28.4-MWdc TA Acacia project is a milestone for Sungrow in the U.S. and we are pleased to be part of it,” said Renxian Cao, chairman of Sungrow Power Supply. “As Sungrow keeps expanding our service infrastructure and installation base in US, we are committed to supporting Canadian Solar and other customers from coast to coast in the United States.”
“The TA Acacia Facility demonstrates that large scale solar PV can be a significant, viable, and sustainable component of California’s energy mix,” said Dr. Shawn Qu, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Canadian Solar Inc. “As the leading manufacturer in North America, we take great pride that our modules will now be generating over 20 years of clean, emission-free renewable energy in southern California.”
Construction of the 28.4-MWdc project took place from July to November 2014, generating more than 400 jobs during peak construction. Sungrow supplied 25 SG800MX inverters, which were integrated into 1.6-MW Integrated Power Stations to convert and connect the 94,340 Canadian Solar PV modules to the power grid. The SG800MX was released in the US in Q4 2013, has received lots of positive feedback, and has been deployed in many ground mount utility projects in US due to its superior performance and grid friendly functionality. Canadian Solar developed the project, and White Construction provided Engineering, Procurement, and Construction services (EPC). The 20 year Power Purchase Agreement with PG&E was approved by the California Public Utilities Commission, and the system was recently sold to Dominion Virginia Power. The total system output will be enough to power more than 6,100 homes and offset a total of 31,500 tons of carbon dioxide.
“The 28.4-MWdc TA Acacia project is a milestone for Sungrow in the U.S. and we are pleased to be part of it,” said Renxian Cao, chairman of Sungrow Power Supply. “As Sungrow keeps expanding our service infrastructure and installation base in US, we are committed to supporting Canadian Solar and other customers from coast to coast in the United States.”
“The TA Acacia Facility demonstrates that large scale solar PV can be a significant, viable, and sustainable component of California’s energy mix,” said Dr. Shawn Qu, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Canadian Solar Inc. “As the leading manufacturer in North America, we take great pride that our modules will now be generating over 20 years of clean, emission-free renewable energy in southern California.”
Monday 22 December 2014
New Inverter Technological Costs Are Reduced
Meeting the needs for electricity in remote parts of the world is an endeavor that is a labor of love for those intimately involved with saving animals that have no voice. Part of that labor of love involves corporations and individuals who see to it that shipments of solar electricity systems, which include a variety of different types of power inverters, are shipped to field agents. Ten different conservation projects in 7 different countries are making great strides thanks to electrical systems that are able to operate with the aid of off-grid, solar-powered inverters.
Inverter R&D has focused on two areas. The first is incremental changes in the existing string/central inverter,the second recent inverter development is a move toward decentralized architectures.
.jpg "New Inverter Technological")
The new solar micro inverter is instead of having one large inverter that handles all of the conversion from DC current to AC current for the home, these new solar panels have a solar micro inverter installed in each of them that does this conversion in the panel. This solar micro inverter takes the DC current generated by the solar panel, and converts it directly to AC current before leaving the panel. This way you have a complete solution within the solar panel that can produce the exact power your home needs to operate. Because higher voltage AC electricity has a lot less loss over the long wire run into your house, you get a more efficient conversion and can use a larger portion of the power you are generating with your solar panels. This also makes expanding your solar power system each year easier as well since you can simply buy more panels and add them to your homes wiring. There is never a need to worry about having to upgrade your inverter. Even though these new solar panels are a little more expensive than the older ones, eliminating the cost of the larger inverter makes the total system cost about the same.
Solar inverter prices have not decreased significantly in the past few years, and with module prices falling, inverters represent a greater portion of the total cost of a solar installation. As mentioned, inverter technology can also have a significant impact on BOS and labor costs. For example, higher-capacity central inverters reduce the number of inverters that need to be installed in very large systems, thereby reducing labor costs. This is offset to some extent by the wider distribution of DC wiring and the need for bulky and expensive DC combiners and DC circuit overcurrent protection.
New inverter technologies also have the potential to reduce solar array operating costs. Microinverter technologies make the array less prone to performance degradation from dust and debris, meaning less frequent washing. Normal soiling of modules can easily reduce power output by 5 or 6%. Also, inverters based on a distributed architecture allow for delayed maintenance. In this type of highly redundant system, if one module or inverter fails, the outage is limited to that module. The rest of the array will continue to operate normally. System owners and operators can have a plan of scheduled maintenance rather than emergency maintenance. Furthermore, maintenance costs are lower because microinverters can be swapped out quickly and easily, and by less-skilled staff—compared to large central inverters, which require expert diagnosis, repair, removal, and replacement. Finally, systems that include inverter communication and per module monitoring dramatically reduce the time required to troubleshoot the PV array.
Inverter R&D has focused on two areas. The first is incremental changes in the existing string/central inverter,the second recent inverter development is a move toward decentralized architectures.
The new solar micro inverter is instead of having one large inverter that handles all of the conversion from DC current to AC current for the home, these new solar panels have a solar micro inverter installed in each of them that does this conversion in the panel. This solar micro inverter takes the DC current generated by the solar panel, and converts it directly to AC current before leaving the panel. This way you have a complete solution within the solar panel that can produce the exact power your home needs to operate. Because higher voltage AC electricity has a lot less loss over the long wire run into your house, you get a more efficient conversion and can use a larger portion of the power you are generating with your solar panels. This also makes expanding your solar power system each year easier as well since you can simply buy more panels and add them to your homes wiring. There is never a need to worry about having to upgrade your inverter. Even though these new solar panels are a little more expensive than the older ones, eliminating the cost of the larger inverter makes the total system cost about the same.
Solar inverter prices have not decreased significantly in the past few years, and with module prices falling, inverters represent a greater portion of the total cost of a solar installation. As mentioned, inverter technology can also have a significant impact on BOS and labor costs. For example, higher-capacity central inverters reduce the number of inverters that need to be installed in very large systems, thereby reducing labor costs. This is offset to some extent by the wider distribution of DC wiring and the need for bulky and expensive DC combiners and DC circuit overcurrent protection.
New inverter technologies also have the potential to reduce solar array operating costs. Microinverter technologies make the array less prone to performance degradation from dust and debris, meaning less frequent washing. Normal soiling of modules can easily reduce power output by 5 or 6%. Also, inverters based on a distributed architecture allow for delayed maintenance. In this type of highly redundant system, if one module or inverter fails, the outage is limited to that module. The rest of the array will continue to operate normally. System owners and operators can have a plan of scheduled maintenance rather than emergency maintenance. Furthermore, maintenance costs are lower because microinverters can be swapped out quickly and easily, and by less-skilled staff—compared to large central inverters, which require expert diagnosis, repair, removal, and replacement. Finally, systems that include inverter communication and per module monitoring dramatically reduce the time required to troubleshoot the PV array.
Tuesday 16 December 2014
The world's lightest and commercialization 2KW PV grid-connected inverter advent
Recently, Google to one million US dollars in prize money to start a public competition to build a smaller inverter. The question now is, home inverter is too large, the inverter will help more families and more youngsters achieve solar power, build a more efficient distribution grid, and help to make power over the most remote places on Earth.
Jin Lang company in September 2014 successfully listed on the use of independent research and development will be the world's lightest solis 2KW inverter for photovoltaic inverter industry development is a milestone. Jin Lang inverter solis mini new series (weighs only 13 pounds, close 5.6KG, 270w * 417H * 124Dmm) to attract a number of countries from the United States, Canada, Mexico, Central America and Asia, hundreds of tourists visit, unanimously recognition and praise, to impress people, Kam solis wave inverters also won the World Solar Power World-renowned magazine named the "2014 global Top 100 photovoltaic products" honor.
Solis micro-inverter is not a toy! Solis mini 2G single-phase photovoltaic inverter has an inverter and other products Solis same function, high efficiency pc inverter, dual CPU design, 50V ultra low voltage start, precise MPPT algorithm , IP65 (NEMA4X) housing, but also to achieve real-time monitoring through the network and smart phone aPP application. Solis mini-series products have 700w, 1000w, 1500w, 2000w four models and more unique solutions for low-voltage AC 127V. Solis mini inverter compact, lightweight, easy to install, and has a variety of protection, for those users more "peace of mind."
Jin Lang company in September 2014 successfully listed on the use of independent research and development will be the world's lightest solis 2KW inverter for photovoltaic inverter industry development is a milestone. Jin Lang inverter solis mini new series (weighs only 13 pounds, close 5.6KG, 270w * 417H * 124Dmm) to attract a number of countries from the United States, Canada, Mexico, Central America and Asia, hundreds of tourists visit, unanimously recognition and praise, to impress people, Kam solis wave inverters also won the World Solar Power World-renowned magazine named the "2014 global Top 100 photovoltaic products" honor.
Solis micro-inverter is not a toy! Solis mini 2G single-phase photovoltaic inverter has an inverter and other products Solis same function, high efficiency pc inverter, dual CPU design, 50V ultra low voltage start, precise MPPT algorithm , IP65 (NEMA4X) housing, but also to achieve real-time monitoring through the network and smart phone aPP application. Solis mini-series products have 700w, 1000w, 1500w, 2000w four models and more unique solutions for low-voltage AC 127V. Solis mini inverter compact, lightweight, easy to install, and has a variety of protection, for those users more "peace of mind."
Sunday 14 December 2014
Zeversolar globalization of markets, launching all kinds new inverters
Zeversolar company was acquired by the German SMA Group, a subsidiary of SMA. Zeversolar executive vice president responsible for sales, marketing and the international service,Sven said: "We redefined Zeversolar from the company's website, technical data sheets, product manuals and product design, etc., to create a new brand positioning and image of our new. philosophy is "Energy for everybody" ".
This year, Zeversolar has successfully entered the European market, and the introduction of the newly upgraded inverter in previous year. At present, Zeversolar has launched or upcoming products: 1kW ~ 20kW string type solar grid inverters (the main push of the international market for houses, commercial power plants and other small power stations); 8kW and 10kW three-phase string type inverters; 500kW ~ 1MW concentrated solar grid inverter (main push Chinese market for large-scale solar power plants).PV inverter price is trusted in the same industry, the latest technology, the highest configuration, the best price.
In addition to the inverter, Zeversolar also upgraded monitoring system. The PMU can be connected to the new Wi-Fi, and through the real-time network monitoring. Meanwhile,pv inverter company designs the free solar power plant, according to the parameters of the global environmental information and assembly to plan the most suitable plants.
In even more solid foundation under, Zeversolar also hopes to enter the Taiwan market. Sven considers Taiwan market steady and rapid development, has shipped about 20MW, was very good. For the future, Zeversolar 2015 show is expected to be launched first update of solar products and further develop the product string bridge inverter type and concentration between.
It’s Solar Balance-of-System Innovation That Will Drive Cost Reduction
"When I started in the solar industry in 2006," said Shiao, "we could buy modules for close to $4 per watt. Today, we can install a residential system [the costliest market segment] for the same price."
Residential system prices in the United States have fallen from $6 per watt in 2011 to $4 today. Module price reductions account for 43 percent of the drop in that same time frame.
Across all market segments, system costs have come down by between 33 percent and 50 percent. However, "it's a little aggressive to expect that trend to continue," cautions Shiao.
GTM Research forecasts system prices to continue to fall, but at a more moderate annual rate of about 20 percent to 25 percent over the next few years.
Source: GTM Research
Those reductions won't necessarily come from falling module prices, but will instead likely rely more on innovations in soft costs and solar balance-of-systems items like PV inverters and racking.
Shiao went on to describe a few technology trends shaping the inverter industry.
"We're in the age of module-level power electronics," he said. Microinverters and DC optimizers made up 55 percent of all U.S. residential systems installed in the first half of 2014. "Every major U.S. residential inverter supplier now has some form of module-level power electronics design."
Source: The Microinverter and DC Optimizer Landscape 2014: The Evolution From Market Niche to Market Success
"What is really exciting," he continued, "is that we're starting to see [module-level power electronics] creep into the commercial space with three-phase products, and module manufacturers are getting involved with AC module solutions."
This trend of decentralization is true for larger commercial systems as well. When wiring, laboring, combiner boxes and other costs are factored in for a large commercial system, a three-phase string inverter begins to look as good, if not better, than a central inverter.
Source: GTM Research
"You have to look at how your solar inverter price choices impact your total system cost," he said.
Shiao continued the second half of the presentation with trends and innovations in structural hardware.
Thursday 11 December 2014
The world's most powerful solar airport
1, Shenzhen Airport in China
In November 2014, two 10MW solar power project officially started Shenzhen Airport. When this project is completed, with a total installed capacity of solar power will reach the airport 20MW, the annual power generation of about 20GWh, thus awarded as the world's largest airport aviation airports scale solar energy. Future, its solar power will account for over 10% of the airport's electricity load.
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The first phase of the project's solar panels will be installed in the main installation of new cargo terminal at the airport bonded logistics park and aviation logistics park, the second phase project of the solar panels.
2, Kuala Lumpur International Airport in Malaysia
3, Colorado, Denver International Airport
In 2010, the total installed capacity of solar Denver International Airport reached 8MW. The airport first set in 2008 2MW solar power system, and then set 1.6MW solar power system in early 2010, the last in September 2010 to develop a new 4.4MW solar power generation facilities. Thus, the total installed capacity of solar 8MW, 6% of the airport to meet the demand for electricity.
4, Athens International Airport
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2011, Athens International Airport invested 20 million euros of 8MW solar projects put into use. Its solar power project covers 160,000 square meters, generating 11 million degrees per year to meet 20 percent of the airport's electricity demand will reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 10,000 tons. Also worth mentioning is that its solar power system is comprised of Suntech completed within six months of construction.
5, Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport in United States
February 2012, Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport in three positions installed on the roof of a total of 5.4MW of solar panels to meet the airport's car rental center, two parking and toll plazas 51% of electricity demand, will save $ 4.7 million over the next 20 years. It is estimated that this solar project will reduce carbon dioxide emissions by more than 5500 tons per year. Its solar panels installed by SunPower.
6,Shanghai Hongqiao Airport in China
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In 2010, the Shanghai Hongqiao Airport Terminal 2 West freight station roofing installed capacity for solar modules 2.848MW, the annual average grid electricity is about 2.77GWh, annual savings for the grid of about 987 tons of standard coal.
7, Tokyo Haneda International Airport
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2010 Tokyo Haneda International Airport began to solar power. Its power scale 2MW, annual power generation capacity 2GWh, can reduce the amount of 850 tons of carbon dioxide annually. Its approximately 28,000 square meters of solar panels set up in the Airport International Cargo Terminal top, about 10% of electricity consumption in the building supply.
8, California Fresno airport
In 2011, the Fresno airport solar plan into effect. Its on 9.5 acres (approximately 38,445 square meters) of land to install a total of 11,700 solar panels, with a total capacity of 2MW. 40 percent of its electricity for the airport daily electricity consumption.
9, Shanghai Pudong International Airport in China
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November 2014, the Pudong airport completed 1.7MW solar power systems. The project is building integrated solar energy project, covering 15,000 square meters, is located between the airport's Terminal 1 and 2, will be used to meet the needs of airport parking and handling equipment, but also for airport outdoor air conditioning equipment shade.
10, Hawaii airport
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In October 2008, announced the construction of the airport in Hawaii 779KW solar power system, by Hoku Solar company responsible for the design, construction and installation.
Huawei enjoys greatest 12-month gain in global inverter marke
Data released today by IHS reveals that China's Huawei has enjoyed the largest 12-month gains in the global PV inverter market.
While the telecommunications giant has made impressive strides in the sector, traditional pure-play inverter suppliers such as SMA and ABB have seen their stranglehold of the market loosened.
Germany's SMA remains the leading inverter supplier in terms of market share, but the first three quarters of 2014 have seen the inverter giant relinquish some 6% of its lead to rivals. ABB, in second place, has lost slightly more than 1% of the market.
According to IHS senior analyst for PV inverter research Cormac Gilligan, this latest shuffle is an indication that the balance of power in the inverter market is beginning to tilt away from Europe.
"Global PV inverter supplier rankings have changed substantially over the past 12 months, led by large gains from Japanese, Chinese and module-level power electronic suppliers," Gilligan said.
SMA’s limited exposure to the soaring Japanese and Chinese markets – coupled with declining orders in Europe – have undermined the company’s bottom line at the same time that Huawei has enjoyed dramatic growth in its domestic Chinese market.
The telecoms specialist is now one of the leading inverter names in China, and now shares the 4.8 GW of inverter shipments recorded in the country in Q3 2014 with other leading inverter manufacturers in china, such as Sungrow and TBEA Sunoasis.
"Suppliers with a major presence in the U.S., Japan, China and other high-growth markets were some of the biggest year-over-year gainers, while those that were heavily reliant on Germany, Italy and other countries that previously led the market lost considerable market share," added Gilligan.
Japan’s high-price domestic market puts it in first place in terms of global inverter revenue, which has had the knock-on effect of propelling its domestic inverter suppliers – such as Omrom, Tabuchi and TMEIC – up the global market share charts, with revenues largely drawn from Japan only.
The increase in market share of microinverter company Enphase and power optimizer specialists SolarEdge suggests that module level power electronics (MLPE) are an increasingly preferred option for installers and consumers, particularly in the U.S. and Europe where there appears to be robust demand for this type of technology.
Europe’s most dynamic PV market, the U.K., has helped improve the market share of Schneider Electric – where the European inverter supplier is active – while its presence in France, India and Japan has also helped the company gain considerable market share over the past year. Indeed, Schneider Electric was the only European company to enjoy a positive 2014, growing its global revenue share by almost 2% in the first three quarters of the year – the third-best performance after Huawei and Tabuchi.
TMEIC, TBEA Sunoasis and Enphase Energy all gained between 1-2% in the first three quarters of the year, with Omron and SolarEdge boosting their market share by less than 1%.
While the telecommunications giant has made impressive strides in the sector, traditional pure-play inverter suppliers such as SMA and ABB have seen their stranglehold of the market loosened.
Germany's SMA remains the leading inverter supplier in terms of market share, but the first three quarters of 2014 have seen the inverter giant relinquish some 6% of its lead to rivals. ABB, in second place, has lost slightly more than 1% of the market.
According to IHS senior analyst for PV inverter research Cormac Gilligan, this latest shuffle is an indication that the balance of power in the inverter market is beginning to tilt away from Europe.
"Global PV inverter supplier rankings have changed substantially over the past 12 months, led by large gains from Japanese, Chinese and module-level power electronic suppliers," Gilligan said.
SMA’s limited exposure to the soaring Japanese and Chinese markets – coupled with declining orders in Europe – have undermined the company’s bottom line at the same time that Huawei has enjoyed dramatic growth in its domestic Chinese market.
The telecoms specialist is now one of the leading inverter names in China, and now shares the 4.8 GW of inverter shipments recorded in the country in Q3 2014 with other leading inverter manufacturers in china, such as Sungrow and TBEA Sunoasis.
"Suppliers with a major presence in the U.S., Japan, China and other high-growth markets were some of the biggest year-over-year gainers, while those that were heavily reliant on Germany, Italy and other countries that previously led the market lost considerable market share," added Gilligan.
Japan’s high-price domestic market puts it in first place in terms of global inverter revenue, which has had the knock-on effect of propelling its domestic inverter suppliers – such as Omrom, Tabuchi and TMEIC – up the global market share charts, with revenues largely drawn from Japan only.
The increase in market share of microinverter company Enphase and power optimizer specialists SolarEdge suggests that module level power electronics (MLPE) are an increasingly preferred option for installers and consumers, particularly in the U.S. and Europe where there appears to be robust demand for this type of technology.
Europe’s most dynamic PV market, the U.K., has helped improve the market share of Schneider Electric – where the European inverter supplier is active – while its presence in France, India and Japan has also helped the company gain considerable market share over the past year. Indeed, Schneider Electric was the only European company to enjoy a positive 2014, growing its global revenue share by almost 2% in the first three quarters of the year – the third-best performance after Huawei and Tabuchi.
TMEIC, TBEA Sunoasis and Enphase Energy all gained between 1-2% in the first three quarters of the year, with Omron and SolarEdge boosting their market share by less than 1%.
Wednesday 10 December 2014
Tuhao PV inverter top configuration
1,DC Clapper contactors
This is called the DC Clapper contactors, only ABB companies have. And in the original process, using magnetic blow extinguishing system design, there are super-extinguishing capability, on-off current of 4000ADC, voltage up to 1500VDC, especially suitable for harsh conditions, still require products with high performance industrial applications, but the price particularly expensive, a 1000V1200A2 level contacts, the price is about 18,000.
It is capable of the most critical performance IGBT, bus capacitors and other devices, such as a short circuit in case of emergency, disconnect the DC side at high currents, protecting people, components, safety equipment.
2, EC centrifugal cooling fan
This is called EC centrifugal cooling fan, EBM production company. There are three kinds of cooling fan, AC AC fans, AC DC fan, and fan speed EC. AC AC input, the internal fans with integrated converter, external access to a PWM signal can achieve stepless speed control module built-in intelligent maintenance-free brushless DC motor, comes with RS485 output interface, 0-10V sensor output interface, 4 -20mA speed switch output interface, output interface and alarm signal output from the main interface. The product has a high intelligence, high-energy, high efficiency, long life, low vibration, low noise, and other characteristics can work uninterrupted.
The greatest feature of this fan is the frequency control function, according to the characteristics of photovoltaic power generation system, it is not every day than the speed of the fan switch 30% less, so it consumes less power than the other 35% of the fan, a 500KW solar inverter, a year can save 500 kWh. Less than other fan speed 30%, plus high-quality bearing service life of the fan speed is not more than 2 times.
3, Concept drives, fiber optic transmission.
CT-Concept, Switzerland is the world's large, medium power IGT drive technology and market leader, after 20 years of business, gradually occupies more than 80% of the global market share. CT-Concept launched a series of superb IGBT drive, high-end technology, functional excellence, high quality, cost-effective ideal to meet customers' most demanding and meticulous. Especially SCALE series IGBT drive, using original SCALE ASIC chipset driver for the global market and establish the authority of the industry standard.
This driver board the biggest feature is the use of magnetic and optical isolation technology transfer program, the usual way of light isolated magnetic isolation and quarantine, isolation optocoupler isolation mode due to the relatively low voltage, there are aspects of the transmission delay, aging and reliability, etc. issue. The use of pulse transformer isolation methods (magnetic separation) can achieve relatively high isolation voltage, and high reliability transformers, transmission delay is small, can achieve higher switching frequency, and there is no problem of aging.
Using optical fiber transmission, you can completely avoid the signal generator to the electrical interference between the driver board.
4, laminated busbars and the perfect combination of DC link film capacitors
Powder coating type busbar using anti-aging, corrosion resistance, high-performance insulation powder, with a smooth and shiny appearance and excellent electrical properties. DC from custom capacitor and the IGBT is not more than 10mm.
By the partial discharge is caused by the air gap between the positive and negative, so to minimize the air gap, there are two methods: 1, the adhesion between the busbars and the insulating sheet closely as possible, leaving no air gaps between the two, busbars and insulation sheet to be very clean, can not have any dust and dirt.
Stray inductance generated voltage spikes, voltage spikes higher, the greater the damage to the IGBT, the greater the loss of the system. Commonly used methods to reduce the stray inductance has three: one is the distance between the positive and negative currents as short as possible, two positive and negative direction is current as possible down overlay, 3 is the distance between the capacitor to the IGBT as short as possible.
5, ClassH level Reactor
Magnetic material with a thickness of 0.23mm loss low gold-oriented silicon steel, silicon steel thinner, the less iron loss. Using very thin silicon steel, making high-frequency loss in the core losses to a minimum point.
Conductive material of high quality magnet wire of 0.05mm outsourcing double Nomex, the wire only has a very low resistivity, while its temperature levels also increased to 220C.
Insulation material used using Dupond (DuPont) Company quality aromatic type Nomex paper, pressed glass insulation sheet.
This is called the DC Clapper contactors, only ABB companies have. And in the original process, using magnetic blow extinguishing system design, there are super-extinguishing capability, on-off current of 4000ADC, voltage up to 1500VDC, especially suitable for harsh conditions, still require products with high performance industrial applications, but the price particularly expensive, a 1000V1200A2 level contacts, the price is about 18,000.
It is capable of the most critical performance IGBT, bus capacitors and other devices, such as a short circuit in case of emergency, disconnect the DC side at high currents, protecting people, components, safety equipment.
2, EC centrifugal cooling fan
This is called EC centrifugal cooling fan, EBM production company. There are three kinds of cooling fan, AC AC fans, AC DC fan, and fan speed EC. AC AC input, the internal fans with integrated converter, external access to a PWM signal can achieve stepless speed control module built-in intelligent maintenance-free brushless DC motor, comes with RS485 output interface, 0-10V sensor output interface, 4 -20mA speed switch output interface, output interface and alarm signal output from the main interface. The product has a high intelligence, high-energy, high efficiency, long life, low vibration, low noise, and other characteristics can work uninterrupted.
The greatest feature of this fan is the frequency control function, according to the characteristics of photovoltaic power generation system, it is not every day than the speed of the fan switch 30% less, so it consumes less power than the other 35% of the fan, a 500KW solar inverter, a year can save 500 kWh. Less than other fan speed 30%, plus high-quality bearing service life of the fan speed is not more than 2 times.
3, Concept drives, fiber optic transmission.
CT-Concept, Switzerland is the world's large, medium power IGT drive technology and market leader, after 20 years of business, gradually occupies more than 80% of the global market share. CT-Concept launched a series of superb IGBT drive, high-end technology, functional excellence, high quality, cost-effective ideal to meet customers' most demanding and meticulous. Especially SCALE series IGBT drive, using original SCALE ASIC chipset driver for the global market and establish the authority of the industry standard.
This driver board the biggest feature is the use of magnetic and optical isolation technology transfer program, the usual way of light isolated magnetic isolation and quarantine, isolation optocoupler isolation mode due to the relatively low voltage, there are aspects of the transmission delay, aging and reliability, etc. issue. The use of pulse transformer isolation methods (magnetic separation) can achieve relatively high isolation voltage, and high reliability transformers, transmission delay is small, can achieve higher switching frequency, and there is no problem of aging.
Using optical fiber transmission, you can completely avoid the signal generator to the electrical interference between the driver board.
4, laminated busbars and the perfect combination of DC link film capacitors
Powder coating type busbar using anti-aging, corrosion resistance, high-performance insulation powder, with a smooth and shiny appearance and excellent electrical properties. DC from custom capacitor and the IGBT is not more than 10mm.
By the partial discharge is caused by the air gap between the positive and negative, so to minimize the air gap, there are two methods: 1, the adhesion between the busbars and the insulating sheet closely as possible, leaving no air gaps between the two, busbars and insulation sheet to be very clean, can not have any dust and dirt.
Stray inductance generated voltage spikes, voltage spikes higher, the greater the damage to the IGBT, the greater the loss of the system. Commonly used methods to reduce the stray inductance has three: one is the distance between the positive and negative currents as short as possible, two positive and negative direction is current as possible down overlay, 3 is the distance between the capacitor to the IGBT as short as possible.
5, ClassH level Reactor
Magnetic material with a thickness of 0.23mm loss low gold-oriented silicon steel, silicon steel thinner, the less iron loss. Using very thin silicon steel, making high-frequency loss in the core losses to a minimum point.
Conductive material of high quality magnet wire of 0.05mm outsourcing double Nomex, the wire only has a very low resistivity, while its temperature levels also increased to 220C.
Insulation material used using Dupond (DuPont) Company quality aromatic type Nomex paper, pressed glass insulation sheet.
Crystal Electric PV inverter sent solar power for Kadwa Patidar community
Crystal Electric brought green solar electricity for Kadwa Patidar communities in the UK. Kadwa Patidar community originally built by a member from India in 1975, and they work hard to raise funds for the construction of the community, to 1993, the community has been able to have a variety of cultural activities organized by the conditions, including religious festivals, sports events, cultural performances and more.
The community hall porch roof and install a total of 276 high-efficiency solar module, project totaling 69kW, could be generating over 200 degrees every day, not only to meet the community's electricity every day, but also for 85% of the electricity transmission grid. 4 three-phase PV inverter MPPT tracking with high accuracy and high conversion rate of the community to provide a steady stream of clean solar power, with an estimated annual generation 57000 degrees. From energy conservation, government subsidies and sell electricity generating revenue, the annual total of about earns £ 11400. This calculation, the investment can be recovered in seven years.
Peter the manager of the community project is very satisfied: "The community in people's daily life plays an important role in people's wedding here, meetings, visits to the theater, to throw a party and so now they find these activities. solar power is the conversion, which is really amazing! "
The community hall porch roof and install a total of 276 high-efficiency solar module, project totaling 69kW, could be generating over 200 degrees every day, not only to meet the community's electricity every day, but also for 85% of the electricity transmission grid. 4 three-phase PV inverter MPPT tracking with high accuracy and high conversion rate of the community to provide a steady stream of clean solar power, with an estimated annual generation 57000 degrees. From energy conservation, government subsidies and sell electricity generating revenue, the annual total of about earns £ 11400. This calculation, the investment can be recovered in seven years.
Peter the manager of the community project is very satisfied: "The community in people's daily life plays an important role in people's wedding here, meetings, visits to the theater, to throw a party and so now they find these activities. solar power is the conversion, which is really amazing! "
2014 top 10 PV Inverter manufacturers: Asian Suppliers Tighten Grip as European Leadership Weakens
The number of Asian companies appearing among the world’s top 10 PV inverter manufacturers doubled in 2014, with four from China and Japan appearing within the charmed circle, compared to just two in 2012 and none in 2011.
Rising demand for PV inverters from Asian markets has resulted in domestic suppliers accounting for a growing share of the global market. China and Japan together represented 35 percent of global PV inverter revenue in 2014, unlike just 12 percent in 2011. Capitalizing on the high-entry barriers to international suppliers in these booming regions, Asian suppliers have succeeded in dominating their domestic markets and have now been catapulted into the global top 10, as shown in the attached table.
Chinese-based inverter manufacturer Sungrow continued to command a leading position in the fast-growing Chinese market. In last year’s final quarter alone, the company shipped over 2 gigawatts (GW) of inverters, the majority to its domestic market. China underwent an intense rush to complete photovoltaic systems before the end of 2014 in order to beat a scheduled decrease in the feed-in tariff rate.
Sungrow’s shipments nearly equaled a record held by Germany’s SMA Solar Technology, which achieved almost 2.4 GW of global shipments during a single quarter in 2010. But even though Sungrow shipped more inverters in megawatt terms in the final quarter of 2014 than any other supplier, extremely low average prices for central inverters in China meant that it was only the second largest supplier in revenue. Even so, this marked a notable increase considering that Sungrow had not appeared in the top 10 during any other single quarter in 2014.
East heads West
While the domestic business of these four Asian suppliers has enabled them to achieve significant share in global market revenues, all have minimal sales outside of their home markets.
“Although Asian suppliers have had a huge impact on the global rankings due to their success in local markets, their bearing on international markets outside of China and Japan has currently been quite limited,” noted Wilkinson. “Just the same, the economies of scale, expertise and brand strength that they have now been able to achieve makes them well placed for international expansion, and the world is likely to see many of these suppliers play a greater role in markets outside Asia over the next two to three years.”
Western suppliers lose ground
In contrast to the success of Asian suppliers, the competitive position of Western firms has worsened considerably. In 2008 eight of the top 10 spots were held by Europeans—and the remaining two also had strong European connections; but only four remained in that echelon as of last year. IHS also noted that three of the largest manufacturers in 2008 have also been acquired, while one has exited the industry altogether.
The decline of the PV market in Europe has placed European suppliers in a very vulnerable position. Many of these suppliers relied heavily on Europe as the backbone of their business and were highly exposed to the rapid shift in demand from Europe to other regions. Annual PV inverter revenues from Europe have halved in the last two years, creating an extremely tough competitive environment, and many of the leading names from five years ago have vanished from today’s list of leading suppliers.
Rising demand for PV inverters from Asian markets has resulted in domestic suppliers accounting for a growing share of the global market. China and Japan together represented 35 percent of global PV inverter revenue in 2014, unlike just 12 percent in 2011. Capitalizing on the high-entry barriers to international suppliers in these booming regions, Asian suppliers have succeeded in dominating their domestic markets and have now been catapulted into the global top 10, as shown in the attached table.
Chinese-based inverter manufacturer Sungrow continued to command a leading position in the fast-growing Chinese market. In last year’s final quarter alone, the company shipped over 2 gigawatts (GW) of inverters, the majority to its domestic market. China underwent an intense rush to complete photovoltaic systems before the end of 2014 in order to beat a scheduled decrease in the feed-in tariff rate.
Sungrow’s shipments nearly equaled a record held by Germany’s SMA Solar Technology, which achieved almost 2.4 GW of global shipments during a single quarter in 2010. But even though Sungrow shipped more inverters in megawatt terms in the final quarter of 2014 than any other supplier, extremely low average prices for central inverters in China meant that it was only the second largest supplier in revenue. Even so, this marked a notable increase considering that Sungrow had not appeared in the top 10 during any other single quarter in 2014.
East heads West
While the domestic business of these four Asian suppliers has enabled them to achieve significant share in global market revenues, all have minimal sales outside of their home markets.
“Although Asian suppliers have had a huge impact on the global rankings due to their success in local markets, their bearing on international markets outside of China and Japan has currently been quite limited,” noted Wilkinson. “Just the same, the economies of scale, expertise and brand strength that they have now been able to achieve makes them well placed for international expansion, and the world is likely to see many of these suppliers play a greater role in markets outside Asia over the next two to three years.”
Western suppliers lose ground
In contrast to the success of Asian suppliers, the competitive position of Western firms has worsened considerably. In 2008 eight of the top 10 spots were held by Europeans—and the remaining two also had strong European connections; but only four remained in that echelon as of last year. IHS also noted that three of the largest manufacturers in 2008 have also been acquired, while one has exited the industry altogether.
The decline of the PV market in Europe has placed European suppliers in a very vulnerable position. Many of these suppliers relied heavily on Europe as the backbone of their business and were highly exposed to the rapid shift in demand from Europe to other regions. Annual PV inverter revenues from Europe have halved in the last two years, creating an extremely tough competitive environment, and many of the leading names from five years ago have vanished from today’s list of leading suppliers.
Monday 8 December 2014
Canadian Solar could buy Sharp’s US solar developer Recurrent Energy
Further reports have emerged that Sharp is nearing the sale of US solar developer Recurrent Energy, with news outlets claiming a deal has been agreed with Canadian Solar worth about ¥30 billion (US$247.5 million).
Japan-headquartered Sharp appears to have been trying to sell off Recurrent Energy for a short while, after a series of unconfirmed reports emerged in September that this was the case. At the time a company spokeswoman said that while the company was considering a number of options for Recurrent, including its sale, nothing had been decided.
In the latest turn of events, Japanese financial newspaper Nikkei reported over the weekend that Sharp had agreed the sale as part of an ongoing process to concentrate on its core businesses. So far this has included the company exiting its thin-film join venture (JV) with Enel at a cost of around US$141 million in July and the earlier closure of a PV module assembly plant in Wales, UK. Additionally, the company has been among many in Japan to suffer the effect of a controversial hike in consumption tax.
Recurrent was only purchased by Sharp in 2010. Nikkei claimed that the deal between the two parties had not yielded significant benefit to Sharp, with Recurrent not electing to use its new parent company’s panels in substantial volumes. According to Nikkei the deal with Canadian Solar could be completed by the end of the year.
Reuters news agency reported this morning that Sharp had said since the Nikkei report that it was considering various options including the sale of Recurrent Energy but was yet to make a final decision on the deal. Meanwhile, Sharp announced this morning in Japan that it completed and connected a 2.6MW solar farm project in Tochigi, eastern Japan at the end of November.
Japan-headquartered Sharp appears to have been trying to sell off Recurrent Energy for a short while, after a series of unconfirmed reports emerged in September that this was the case. At the time a company spokeswoman said that while the company was considering a number of options for Recurrent, including its sale, nothing had been decided.
In the latest turn of events, Japanese financial newspaper Nikkei reported over the weekend that Sharp had agreed the sale as part of an ongoing process to concentrate on its core businesses. So far this has included the company exiting its thin-film join venture (JV) with Enel at a cost of around US$141 million in July and the earlier closure of a PV module assembly plant in Wales, UK. Additionally, the company has been among many in Japan to suffer the effect of a controversial hike in consumption tax.
Recurrent was only purchased by Sharp in 2010. Nikkei claimed that the deal between the two parties had not yielded significant benefit to Sharp, with Recurrent not electing to use its new parent company’s panels in substantial volumes. According to Nikkei the deal with Canadian Solar could be completed by the end of the year.
Reuters news agency reported this morning that Sharp had said since the Nikkei report that it was considering various options including the sale of Recurrent Energy but was yet to make a final decision on the deal. Meanwhile, Sharp announced this morning in Japan that it completed and connected a 2.6MW solar farm project in Tochigi, eastern Japan at the end of November.
Foresight Solar Fund buys UK’s largest PV project
The Foresight Solar Fund has agreed to buy the 46MW Landmead solar farm, the largest in the UK.
The plant, in the county of Oxfordshire, is still under construction by German firm BELECTRIC with grid connection expected later this month. The plant expects to be accredited for support at 1.4ROCs under the renewable obligation. That scheme closes to projects over 5MW at the end of March.
The acquisition is agreed under a binding contract subject to the developer meeting all required criteria and the completion of grid connection.
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On completion, the deal will take the Foresight Solar Fund’s UK assets to 231MW.
“This agreement with BELECTRIC to acquire the 46MW Landmead solar plant, will boost the company’s capacity by around 25%,” said Ricardo Piñeiro, director, Foresight Solar Fund. “Following acquisition, Foresight Solar Fund will own and operate four of the largest solar power plants in the UK, with an enterprise value in excess of £300 million, doubling the size of the company within 15 months of IPO,” added Piñeiro.
The company also owns the 32.2MW Wymeswold plant and the Bournemouth and Kencot plants, 37.3 and 37.2MW respectively.
The plant, in the county of Oxfordshire, is still under construction by German firm BELECTRIC with grid connection expected later this month. The plant expects to be accredited for support at 1.4ROCs under the renewable obligation. That scheme closes to projects over 5MW at the end of March.
The acquisition is agreed under a binding contract subject to the developer meeting all required criteria and the completion of grid connection.
“This agreement with BELECTRIC to acquire the 46MW Landmead solar plant, will boost the company’s capacity by around 25%,” said Ricardo Piñeiro, director, Foresight Solar Fund. “Following acquisition, Foresight Solar Fund will own and operate four of the largest solar power plants in the UK, with an enterprise value in excess of £300 million, doubling the size of the company within 15 months of IPO,” added Piñeiro.
The company also owns the 32.2MW Wymeswold plant and the Bournemouth and Kencot plants, 37.3 and 37.2MW respectively.
Thursday 4 December 2014
Kong Sun to boost Chinese DG PV by 600 MW
Hong Kong investment company Kong Sun Holdings Limited has announced this week a partnership that will swell China’s growing distributed generation (DG) solar capacity by 600 MW over the next three years.
Kong Sun will partner with Chinese EPC firm Wuxi Liansheng to develop DG systems across China in a collaborative project due to commence in 2015.
The framework agreement announced by Kong Sun gives the company priority rights to invest in any DG project developed by Wuxi Liansheng that has a capacity greater than 5 MW. The investment company added that the expected internal rate of return (IRR) is higher than 12% per project.
Kong Sun's movement into China’s growing DG sector could be a sign that the larger investment firms are beginning to support this growing segment of the market. Having previously operated solely within the ground-mount, utility-scale PV sector, this cooperation with Wuxi Liansheng, plus an earlier agreement announced late last month with Yucheng Hangyu, signifies a "furtherance of the Group's entrance into the DG PV power system market", read a company statement.
Kong Sun, formerly a large player in China's real estate market, switched its attentions to solar PV in the Fall of this year, quickly stockpiling a solar portfolio of 70 MW.
The company's pledge to help develop China's DG industry will be welcomed within the People’s Republic. Bold plans announced earlier this year to source 8 GW of a targeted annual growth capacity of 14 GW from DG have thus far fallen short.
In May, data from China's National Energy Agency (NEA) revealed that just 188 MW of DG capacity had been installed, and despite hopes being pinned on an end-of-year glut boosting numbers, solar analysts have warned that further contractions are likely at the end of the year – a situation that could allow Japan to end 2014 as the world’s largest market in terms of new PV capacity added.
Kong Sun will partner with Chinese EPC firm Wuxi Liansheng to develop DG systems across China in a collaborative project due to commence in 2015.
The framework agreement announced by Kong Sun gives the company priority rights to invest in any DG project developed by Wuxi Liansheng that has a capacity greater than 5 MW. The investment company added that the expected internal rate of return (IRR) is higher than 12% per project.
Kong Sun's movement into China’s growing DG sector could be a sign that the larger investment firms are beginning to support this growing segment of the market. Having previously operated solely within the ground-mount, utility-scale PV sector, this cooperation with Wuxi Liansheng, plus an earlier agreement announced late last month with Yucheng Hangyu, signifies a "furtherance of the Group's entrance into the DG PV power system market", read a company statement.
Kong Sun, formerly a large player in China's real estate market, switched its attentions to solar PV in the Fall of this year, quickly stockpiling a solar portfolio of 70 MW.
The company's pledge to help develop China's DG industry will be welcomed within the People’s Republic. Bold plans announced earlier this year to source 8 GW of a targeted annual growth capacity of 14 GW from DG have thus far fallen short.
In May, data from China's National Energy Agency (NEA) revealed that just 188 MW of DG capacity had been installed, and despite hopes being pinned on an end-of-year glut boosting numbers, solar analysts have warned that further contractions are likely at the end of the year – a situation that could allow Japan to end 2014 as the world’s largest market in terms of new PV capacity added.
SolarMax's parent company Sputnik Engineering bankruptcy spread supply chain
SolarMax's parent company Sputnik Engineering bankruptcy spread supply chain, the German company InTiCa facing € 2.5 million ($ 3.1 million) shortfall in its 2014 figures.
The electrical components of the inverter manufacturer quoted company "unexpected" filed for bankruptcy, has issued a profit warning. The manufacturer said it will no longer be able to achieve its 2014 earnings forecast.
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InTiCa said the bankruptcy proceedings until the final determination of the results, in order to accurately calculate the final extent of the damage caused. The company said it is ready to accept an impairment loss and impairment of assets of up to seven hundred and fifty thousand euros, and the remaining 1.8 million euros previously earmarked for Sputnik's unsold inventory.
InTiCa said that given the Sputnik announcement, which is studying the inventory of "alternative internal and external applications."
The electrical components of the inverter manufacturer quoted company "unexpected" filed for bankruptcy, has issued a profit warning. The manufacturer said it will no longer be able to achieve its 2014 earnings forecast.
InTiCa said the bankruptcy proceedings until the final determination of the results, in order to accurately calculate the final extent of the damage caused. The company said it is ready to accept an impairment loss and impairment of assets of up to seven hundred and fifty thousand euros, and the remaining 1.8 million euros previously earmarked for Sputnik's unsold inventory.
InTiCa said that given the Sputnik announcement, which is studying the inventory of "alternative internal and external applications."
Huawei held Europe intelligent photovoltaic plant spot in Germany
November 25, 2014, Huawei host the 2014 European Smart photovoltaic plant spot in Saarbruecken, Germany. The German spot Huawei smart PV power plant is another grand flagship event, covering the entire European market. From Germany, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, France, Spain, Belgium and China 130 partners and distributors together to discuss the global solar industry trends. Germany Greencells, Siemens, British Lightsource, Lee Teng-hui in Photovoltaic Technology Co., Ltd., Zhejiang Science and Technology Co., Ltd., with the King at home and abroad to share photovoltaic power station construction and operation and maintenance of the success stories. At the meeting, Huawei systematically expounded the latest achievements and progress of the world's photovoltaic power plant project intelligence solutions, and has released the latest solutions and product roadmap, to win live guests of attention and appreciation. Smart PV power plant solutions bring value being European and global customers widely recognized.
Meanwhile, the participating members visited the 7.8MW power plant (photovoltaic plant Huawei Smart Solutions), a live demonstration of fanless design, intelligent string detection, anti-PID, big data analytics, wireless private communication technology and other functions, so that the guests really feel to Huawei's range of innovative technologies, advanced concepts and global leader advantage.
Based on Huawei's 26 years of accumulated deep in the digital information and power electronics technology, Huawei launched the use of string inverters for photovoltaic power plants intelligent overall solution compared to a centralized inverter traditional solution with high power output, easy maintenance advantages. At the same time, Huawei also continue to rely on Nuremberg, Germany, and research and development team in Stockholm, Sweden, in high power conversion topology and control of the core technology, technical, structural design and high heat, such as weather and stock the next 5-10 years, technology, and actively respond to future challenges, leading the world solar inverter technology development.
Adreas Hffman (Germany Greencells CEO) Germany 7.8MW power plant operators stable over the past year, high power output, Huawei's intelligent photovoltaic system is highly recognized by investors and owners, the future will be launched in European countries with Huawei broader cooperation.
Solarcentury (EPC), said: In the past most centralized ground station, but since the beginning of this year, along with string pv inverters price advantage, as well as the flexibility of string solutions, using multiple MPPT technology, can reduce the block, dust, string mismatch effects, improve power generation. Moreover, the service easier. And indicators of satisfactory quality inverter Huawei successfully passed the rigorous testing Solarcentury glad Huawei will become our new partners.
Lightsource (EPC) Kate Baxter, head of strategy, says: Even before entering the UK PV market, Huawei, its good reputation, reliable technology and excellent business management already world-renowned. Early, we visited the factory in Shenzhen Huawei, very impressed; this spot, but saw their real technical strength, first-hand experience of their highly respected in the industry, the root cause.
Meanwhile, the participating members visited the 7.8MW power plant (photovoltaic plant Huawei Smart Solutions), a live demonstration of fanless design, intelligent string detection, anti-PID, big data analytics, wireless private communication technology and other functions, so that the guests really feel to Huawei's range of innovative technologies, advanced concepts and global leader advantage.
Based on Huawei's 26 years of accumulated deep in the digital information and power electronics technology, Huawei launched the use of string inverters for photovoltaic power plants intelligent overall solution compared to a centralized inverter traditional solution with high power output, easy maintenance advantages. At the same time, Huawei also continue to rely on Nuremberg, Germany, and research and development team in Stockholm, Sweden, in high power conversion topology and control of the core technology, technical, structural design and high heat, such as weather and stock the next 5-10 years, technology, and actively respond to future challenges, leading the world solar inverter technology development.
Adreas Hffman (Germany Greencells CEO) Germany 7.8MW power plant operators stable over the past year, high power output, Huawei's intelligent photovoltaic system is highly recognized by investors and owners, the future will be launched in European countries with Huawei broader cooperation.
Solarcentury (EPC), said: In the past most centralized ground station, but since the beginning of this year, along with string pv inverters price advantage, as well as the flexibility of string solutions, using multiple MPPT technology, can reduce the block, dust, string mismatch effects, improve power generation. Moreover, the service easier. And indicators of satisfactory quality inverter Huawei successfully passed the rigorous testing Solarcentury glad Huawei will become our new partners.
Lightsource (EPC) Kate Baxter, head of strategy, says: Even before entering the UK PV market, Huawei, its good reputation, reliable technology and excellent business management already world-renowned. Early, we visited the factory in Shenzhen Huawei, very impressed; this spot, but saw their real technical strength, first-hand experience of their highly respected in the industry, the root cause.
SolarMax bankruptcy: the lack of a pan-European policies harm the industry
Switzerland inverters supplier SolarMax filed for bankruptcy, some experts expressed surprise at the speed of its. WinfriedHoffman ASE from the private consulting firm pointed out that the lack of cohesion and support policies are a failure of European politicians.
Hoffmann also SMA Solar-Fabrik company and a member of the Advisory Committee. Hoffmann believes, SolarMax bankruptcy is not just the issue of the European inverter market, but involves all parts of Europe throughout the PV value chain. This is a failure of the whole European industrial policy, European politicians do not give enough support to ensure fair competition worldwide.
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| SolarMax bankruptcy |
He hoped that the current situation in Europe can be changed, people can realize the importance of large-scale production of products, capable of how to maintain and encourage investment in the European industry to know more about. Otherwise, Europe could be a really big problem.
Monday 1 December 2014
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