Yingli to supply 300 MW Neoen PV plant in France

Yingli Green Energy agreed to supply 120 MW of solar panels to independent French power producer Neoen's 300 MW solar park in South West France.

Yingli will ship more than 393,000 YGE 72 Cell solar panels between December and June and comprise more than a third of the overall solar park, which will cover 250 hectares (618 acres) of land divided in 25 solar plants. The modules will be mounted in an east-west orientation to boost the system's overall power density given their layout, according to Yingli.

The installation is expected to be Europe's largest solar photovoltaic energy park when completed. Located in the town of Cestas, near Bordeaux, the project is budgeted at more than €360 million.

Neoen will own 120 MW while eight other investors will own the remaining 180 MW.

Construction of each power plant will be performed by a consortium that includes local companies Eiffage-Clemessy, Schneider Electric and Krinner, which will also be responsible for operation and maintenance activities.

The solar park, which will be connected directly to the high voltage grid, is expected to begin operation in October 2015. It will produce more than 350 gigawatt-hours annually -- the equivalent of the entire power consumption of the population of Bordeaux.

Praising Yingli's reliability, project director Patrick de Labrusse of Eiffage-Clemessy said, "One important step for a project of such immense proportions is to gain the trust of investors and banks, which involves choosing the right partners."

Cost of Cestas solar energy cheaper than Hinkley Point C nuclear energy

Yingli noted that Neoen had "worked hard on multiple system optimizations and plant design in order to increase the project's profitability and competitiveness." As a result, Yingli added, the plant will provide electricity at €105 ($130) per megawatt hour -- below the price of the electricity that will be generated by the United Kingdom's planned new nuclear power plant.

France's EDF, which is building Britain's new Hinkley Point C nuclear project in Somerset, England, has secured a guarantee from the British government for a minimum price of £92.50 pounds (€117/$145) per megawatt hour generated by the plant for a period of 35 years. The nuclear power plant is scheduled to be completed in 2023.

Both the European PV industry and leading environmental protection advocates have criticized the Hinkley project.

"By driving down the cost of solar electricity, the project clearly demonstrates the increasing competitiveness of solar PV against traditional energy sources," Yingli stressed.

Reaching grid parity is a reality now

Yingli Chairman and CEO Liansheng Miao added, "We are honored to be part of this milestone project in the European PV market, and to be delivering a promising model that is driven by profitability and cost-competitiveness rather than dependence on public incentives. Reaching grid parity is a reality now and we are pleased to partner with innovative European companies such as Neoen and Eiffage-Clemessy – they set a high standard and work hard every day to build a low-carbon economy across Europe."

Policy uncertainty paralyzes large-scale Down Under

New data from the renewable energy industry highlights just what impact policy certainty – or the lack of it – is having on small and large-scale markets.

Rooftop solar – largely funded by the balance sheets of Australian households and businesses – continues to surge ahead. That's helped by the fact that federal incentives – paid up front – are locked in by legislation.

The graph below shows the trend in small-scale rooftop solar systems, residential (below 10 kW and in green), and commercial-scale systems (between 10 kW and 100 kW and in blue) over the past year.

After sharp falls caused by the winding back of various state-based FITs, the deployment of solar inverter by homes and businesses has steadied and is now growing solidly.

According to Green Energy Markets, more than 155,000 small-scale solar systems have been added across Australia this year, an average of more than 15,000 per month.

Last month, 16,729 systems were added, for a total of 75 MW (the average size being 4.2 kW), taking the total for the year to 657 MW.

Large-scale solar at a standstill

Meanwhile, construction in the large-scale renewable energy market is at a virtual standstill, thanks to uncertainty about the future of the large-scale market, which has caused bank financing to dry up, and its share of generation is also going backwards.

This is partly due to lower wind speeds, and lower hydro production, as the incentive to generate more hydro is removed because of the dumping of the carbon price and the fall in the value of LGC certificates, due to policy uncertainty.

In October, the share of renewable generation, not including rooftop solar, was 13.1 per cent. That was down from 14.2 per cent in September and 18.3 per cent a year earlier.

In the past month, just four small solar power stations and a small hydro generator were approved.

So far this year, it has been a sorry story for new developments. As this graph shows, less than 200 MW of large-scale renewable plants have been accredited in 2014.

Of those, two plants – Boco Rock wind farm and the Portland wind farm extension – were committed last year, as was the 20 MW Royalla solar farm which makes up the bulk of the solar total.

The rest of the solar component include rooftop solar projects of more than 100 kW – too big to qualify for the small-scale scheme.

Both Portland and Royalla have been supported by other schemes such as the Clean Energy Finance Corporation and the ACT (Australian Capital Territory) government's solar auction.

Walmart to install up to 400 more solar PV systems over the next four years

Projects built under this latest announcement build on Walmart's installation of 105 MW of solar PV to date in 260 locations. SunEdison and SolarCity will install the systems.

On Friday, Walmart announced that is has concluded a request for proposals and has accepted bids from SunEdison and SolarCity to install as many as 400 new solar PV systems on its facilities over the next four years.

The company did not say what capacity this will represent, but estimates that the PV systems will meet 10-30% of the energy needs of the facilities where they will be installed.

If 400 are built and they average the same size as Walmart's existing fleet of PV, the new installations will total around 160 MW. Walmart currently has 260 operational PV plants at its stores, representing 105 MW of installed PV capacity.

solar PV systems

This makes Walmart, the world's largest retailer, also the largest corporate user of PV in the United States. The company boasts more than double the installed PV versus its closest competitor.

SolarCity has installed more than 200 of those PV systems, in less than four years. 13 of these systems also feature energy storage, and SolarCity will be installing another 10 energy storage projects in this new round, which will feature 200 kW/400 kWh battery systems.

Walmart has been praised for its leading role in PV adoption by the Solar Energy Industries Association (SEIA). However, the family which owns a majority share in Walmart has come under fire for donating large sums to organizations that are trying to repeal renewable energy policies.

A report by the Institute for Local Self Reliance published in October found that the Walton Family, which also owns 30% of First Solar, has donated more than $4.5 million to organizations that have led and/or initiated attempts to roll back state renewable energy mandates since 2010.

Home-grown UK solar to be cheaper than gas

The United Kingdom's Solar Trade Association (STA) on Wednesday published a new analysis showing that the cost of generating electricity from a typical 10 MW solar farm in the U.K. is set to fall faster than previously expected over the next 15 years.

The report, Cost Reduction Potential of Large-scale Solar PV, is based on a survey of the STA's member companies and their cost forecasts between now and 2030.

UK solar soon to be cheaper than gas

The report finds that as long as the government provides stable policy support, it will be cheaper to generate electricity from solar than by burning gas as soon as 2018.

"A lot of people still don't realize just how close solar is to being competitive with gas-fired power generation," said STA CEO Paul Barwell. "U.K. solar is on its way to becoming subsidy-free, but it is critical we maintain stable government policy that supports grid connected utility-scale solar as opposed to fossil fuel power stations."

In addition, the study shows that solar will be cheaper than the wholesale price of electricity at some point between 2025 and 2028. The cost of generating electricity from gas, on the other hand, is forecast to increase in real terms over the next 15 years, and will always be more expensive than wholesale power, the STA points out.

The results show that the cost of building a large-scale solar farm is set to go down faster than currently estimated by the government due to a growing solar supply chain in Britain as well as falling global prices for solar panels and inverters.

Greater ambitions supported by lower costs

The analysis follows a recent report from the London-based Centre for Economics and Business Research (Cebr) on the macroeconomic benefits for the U.K. from investing in solar, which showed that the country could provide enough electricity to supply 15% of its electricity demand by 2030, supporting almost 50,000 jobs. Big solar arrays alone could add more than £25 billion to U.K. economic output, according to the report.

The global solar market is forecast to be worth over £78 billion ($134 billion) by 2020, making it a key emerging technology market.

The STA stresses, however, that the U.K. government intends to close the country's current Renewables Obligation subsidy scheme for solar farms bigger than 5 MW (about 25 acres), which will slow the falling cost of generating solar electricity on a large scale.

"It is clear that it makes political and economic sense for the government to back large-scale solar, with the sector's track record in creating jobs, and producing ever cheaper zero carbon power," Barwell added. "This report makes that case even more strongly – our updated costs forecast shows that solar is even cheaper than we thought. We just need one final push from government to get solar to being subsidy-free. A home grown solution to Britain's energy crisis.

"It is in the interests of both energy bill payers and the planet to maintain stable support for good quality large-scale solar farms. If we invest now – and make sure the new Contracts for Difference support scheme works for solar – this technology could in ten years' time be bringing down energy bills."

SolarWorld and Enphase as global micro inverter supplier agree technology partnership

Global module manufacturer, SolarWorld, and micro inverter manufacturer,Germany's SolarWorld has formalized Enphase Energy as the supplier of micro inverter systems for its custom-engineered system solutions in the United States and across both companies' worldwide distribution networks.

The two companies will also be looking at providing bespoke solutions for each others’ products, to be made available across the world, sharing market knowledge and experience, according to a statement released by the pair.

Micro Inverter

Enphase, the world's largest provider of micro inverters (which convert direct electrical current to alternating current to enable most applications of solar electric power), and SolarWorld have also agreed to engage in close collaboration in developing new solar technologies and products.

"Enphase has worked closely with SolarWorld for several years, and the companies have built a strong, growing business together in collaboration with SolarWorld's extensive U.S. channels," said Jeff Loebbaka, Enphase senior vice president of global sales, marketing and support. "This new agreement promises to open new regional market and product opportunities around the world for both companies."

Enphase last 发month launched an integrated energy management system and an AC storage solution at the Solar Power International trade show in Las Vegas. The products will be available for residential and commercial PV systems next year.

SolarWorld, meanwhile, announced in October that it was investing $10 million to expand PV cell and module capacities at its factory in the U.S. state of Oregon, including the addition of a PV module line to increase its capacity from 380 MW to 530 MW, as well as converting 100 MW of its PV cell production to passivated emitter rear contact (PERC) technology.

The British did not welcome the solar farm

UK Minister for Energy and Climate Amber Rudd recently publicly admitted that the British did not welcome the solar farm. Prior to this, the British environmental protection bureau ElizabethTruss also publicly stated that she does not want Britain's farm is wasted solar farm, solar farm will become barren British farms.




Rudd is not optimistic about the reason why is because the solar farm, she hopes to install rooftop solar power plant to serve the British way, she said: "The British are not welcome solar farms, in our opinion, solar power equipment should be installed in the building and residential roofs, rather than the scenic countryside. the vast bucolic is the pride of the British, we should protect the UK environment. "Rudd's view is not something new, but she is the first openly British politician to express this point of view.

As early as 2013, the British government announced priority rooftop solar installation rather than terrestrial solar farm. Although the government has recently begun to shift support measures relatively large-scale solar power projects, but only those generating capacity of less than 5MW of renewable energy programs enough grid.

Distributed Energy China needs all the roof armed

This year, the introduction of national photovoltaic New Deal, the distributed funds that existed before the financial support is not in place, the subsidy mechanism is imperfect, weak management industry, application urgent need to improve the market environment and other issues one by one to give to relieve effectively resolve the construction of distributed PV difficulties roof, financing, grid access, management and electricity trading experience for domestic photovoltaic applications development to create a good environment for development.

Notification made use of waste land, barren hills and slopes, agricultural greenhouses, beaches, ponds, lakes and other land resource construction of photovoltaic power generation projects in the 35 kV and below voltage connected to the grid (project capacity not exceeding 20MW) and the electricity transformer stations and outlets in the area consumptive, perform local PV power plant benchmark price policy, referring to distributed power grid enterprises through the 'green channel' to provide efficient and convenient access.

Implementation of the measure will promote the construction of China's agricultural distributed photovoltaic greenhouses, aquaculture, beaches and other projects, because the scale agricultural projects basically in between the roof and the floor of photovoltaic power plants, investors are mostly concerned about electricity prices, electricity sales, and the size of the problem (can use a large area, the capacity is too small is not conducive to project benefits). The new policy in the voltage levels of access, electricity sales, electricity and capacity and other aspects of a new breakthrough will help improve investor enthusiasm.

Deal of distributed PV, is the national introduction of a quite pragmatic and can effectively solve the problem of good policy. This time the intention notice promulgated by the state, not only showed firm determination to vigorously promote the development of distributed PV, but also an important measure to solve the problem of promoting development.

Distributed PV roof is a major frontier for China to develop solar PV to implement the New Deal, it must be "armed all the roof."

Development of solar energy for China to "armed all the roof."

As the world's largest solar market, China is promoting the more factories, schools, and even the greenhouse roof-mounted solar panels, in order to achieve a historic climate agreement reached with the United States in its objectives.

China hopes this year to install up to 8 GW of small-scale photovoltaic systems, more than 10 times its total installed capacity last year. By the end of 2013, China has the capacity of 20 GW of solar power, the equivalent of 20 nuclear reactors. Most of them are from remote areas of the construction of large-scale solar power plants.

But now policymakers are promoting the use of small-scale power generation system, built on the side away from the electricity closer places. Traditionally, resulting in a remote area power grid bottlenecks would consume a large amount of transmission resources, and small power generation system area does not have this problem. This will help China from polluting thermal power as soon as possible.


This also means that the solar roof system will be more commonly used. China National Energy Board in September introduced a policy to promote small-scale solar energy, they also have the potential to request local governments looking to install rooftop power plants and small ground station address. This would include those with large commercial and industrial building roof, as well as public buildings, such as railway stations, airport terminals, and so on.

SunEdison and TerraForm Power buy First Wind

SunEdison and its yieldco subsidiary TerraForm Power have signed a definitive agreement to purchase First Wind. This will bring SunEdison into the wind development market, but also brings additional solar PV projects, as First Wind began developing PV in 2013.

The company says that this will double its total addressable market, providing 6.4 GW of project development opportunities, as well as increasing its backlog. As a result the company has raised its 2015 installation guidance from 1.6-1.8 GW to 2.1-2.3 GW.

Among the projects that SunEdison will acquire with the First Wind purchase are the Four Brothers PV projects in the state of Utah, representing 320 MW-AC. These were awarded power purchase agreements with a local utility under a federal law requiring the purchase of electricity from renewable energy projects if it is below a utility's “avoided cost”.

For TerraForm Power, the acquisition will supply 503 MW of operating wind plants and 18 MW of PV plants, increasing its portfolio to over 1.3 GW. The company will also gain 1.6 GW of call right projects, doubling its capacity to 3.2 GW.

The total cost of the transaction will be $2.4 billion, including 1.9 billion in up-front costs and a $510 million earn-out. SunEdison and TerraForm Power have secured US$2.4 billion in bridge funding for the transaction, as well as $1.5 billion in non-recourse capital from six banks and an infrastructure lender to fund growth.

Following regulatory approvals, The transaction is expected to close in the first quarter of 2015.

SPI Solar to acquire 168 MW of PV projects from TBEA

Vertically integrated PV company Solar Power Inc. has announced this week that its subsidiary, SPI Solar, is to acquire 168 MW of PV projects from Chinese solar system and machinery maker TBEA Sunoasis, which is a subsidiary of TBEA Co., Ltd.

The deal, conducted as a definitive equity interest purchase agreement, includes a range of near-complete solar plants located in the Chinese provinces of Inner Mongolia, Gansu, Xinjiang Region, and Qinghai.

Final purchase completion date is penciled in for March 31, 2015, but both parties expect some of the projects to be connected to the grid before the end of 2014. SPI Solar chairman Xiaofeng Peng remarked that the acquisition bolsters an important strategic partnership for the two companies and China’s wider solar industry, which he says is "rapidly expanding across the country" thanks to "collaborations with key players".

Jianxin Zhang, TBEA Sunoasis’s general manager, added: "We are very pleased to partner with SPI Solar in developing this prominent portfolio of solar projects. SPI has established itself as a premier developer of solar projects in China."

Last month, SPI Solar struck a larger agreement with renewable energy company GD Solar that sees the Californian company enjoy first-refusal on GD Solar's ongoing PV projects in China. In total, the deal could add as much as 1.5 GW of PV capacity to SPI's Chinese portfolio between now and 2017.

This week's acquisition of TBEA's projects follows shortly after SPI also agreed to purchase 65 MW of solar projects in Inner Mongolia that have been developed by Guodian Nailuen, for which SPI paid $101.3 million.

Fluorinated back into the crux of photovoltaic products must confront pollution risks

Recently, the National Energy Board website announced the "National Energy Board on further strengthening the PV power plant construction and operation management notice" (hereinafter referred to as the "Notice"). In strengthening the construction quality management, "notice" standard for the delivery of PV modules made strict demands, involving cells, Silver, packaging materials, glass, backplane, junction boxes, connectors and other key components and raw materials origin, specifications and grades. Insiders pointed out that, due to China in the manufacture of photovoltaic modules more use of fluoropolymers back, has resulted in a threat to the environment, business updates, research and development of new environmentally friendly components without delay.

The crux: fluorinated Backplane

Test data from the national environmental protection department show that the distribution of endemic fluorosis in our country is very wide, Yunnan, Hubei, Inner Mongolia, Gansu, Jilin and other places existing disease counties 1296, accounting for 46.8% of the total number of counties. According to the general manager of Shanghai Giant Electronics Technology Company Luo Zigui, at present our country in the manufacture of photovoltaic modules more use of fluoropolymers backplane, since the polymer containing halogen element, after the assembly scrap, recycling may fluoropolymer will face some difficulties, and the resulting environmental pollution problems in the future will be highlighted. Given the industry is currently no effective recycling programs and technologies, combined with a solid fluorocarbon abnormal chemical structure, usually buried processing method in the year 1000 can not degrade the ingredients. Also, because the fluoride in the combustion will release toxic and harmful gases, so it can not be treated with incineration methods. In accordance with this situation continues, the PV modules caused by environmental pollution problems in the near future will become increasingly severe.

Industry data show that the total installed capacity of fluorinated back on the domestic market has exceeded 10GW, terms of the amount of 1MW installed backplane 7200 sq m, the country has used fluorinated backplane with a capacity of 72 million square meters. Such a large number of backplane security deal scrapped after urgent need of attention. In this regard, the backplane manufacturers Coveme responsible person, the whole PET film backplane or solve the above problems present rise, to maintain stable performance for a long time, do not require special handling when recycled.

The whole industry chain of environmental protection

For the security issues of PV modules in the industry as well as the national level have attracted attention. National Energy Board in the above-mentioned "notice" that the photovoltaic power plant project and network operation shall be adopted by the state commission approved certification body accredited photovoltaic modules, inverters and other key equipment. Units when the project equipment procurement tender, should clearly require the use of certified and meet the national targets of products. Key components of photovoltaic modules suppliers shall provide testing and certification consistent with cells, Silver, packaging materials, glass, backplane, junction boxes, connectors and other sources and raw and auxiliary materials, specifications and rating information.

Anticipating fluoropolymer film will cause environmental pollution, so open up the non-fluorinated backplane production, these backplanes will also be sold in China and other markets. The person in charge said, all products and production waste generated in the process are recyclable. Backplane production waste polyethylene terephthalate (PET) will be recovered by a professional company, specialized companies share these materials other supplies, such as textile fibers and nonwovens. Byproduct of the production process, such as volatile organic compounds will adhesive Coveme Zhangjiagang as fuel to provide heat to other devices. For the recovery of the backplane, the use of renewable thermal combustion, does not substantially cause pollution.

The second generation solar-powered aircraft to fly China next year

Over 6000 chemical components using innovative materials and technologies the world's largest solar-powered aircraft, the second generation of Solar Impulse (No. Solar Impulse 2) by driving two Swiss explorer arrived in China in March next year. Michelin will be over on November 11 to 14 in Chengdu, Gordon Challenge held a news conference during the Solvay company, senior vice president of the Solvay company, Solar Impulse co total charge ClaudeMichel announced the news.


ClaudeMichel said Solar Impulse solar-powered aircraft on the 2nd departure from the Gulf region, the Arabian Sea, India, Burma into China after the first stop to stay in Chongqing, and then to Nanjing. Nanjing stay a week later, across the Pacific to the United States, and finally back to the end of Europe, completed the first flight around the world.

He told China Chemical Industry News exclusive interview revealed that this aircraft wingspan as big as Airbus, as heavy as a car, motorcycle power as a small plane can fly day and night solar airplane truly no consumption, no emissions, no pollution. The aircraft in four areas, more than 6000 members Solvay's innovative use of materials and techniques.

In terms of lightweight, high-performance polyurethane foam tip spar using high-performance honeycomb composite materials, dashboard shell, fasteners and hardware, brackets shock group, throttle box assembly, cylinder, LED lamp cup etc. achieve a metal replacement. In power system efficiency, the propeller bearing grease has excellent chemical and thermal resistance to withstand temperatures ranging from -80 ℃ to 250 ℃, viscosity stability, long life, compatible with metals and plastics. In electrification, before obtaining solar photovoltaic panels, backplanes are used fluorinated film materials, solar panels assembled without delamination can withstand high and low temperature stress. In terms of energy storage, visor replace conventional adhesives can improve the specific energy of at least 10% of static and dynamic longer battery life, using the new lithium battery electrolyte stability and the energy density of the battery performance improved, the same weight of the electrolyte will Solar Impulse battery energy density increased to 260Wh / kg. The cockpit fairing, engine compartment insulation measures are used in high-performance thermal insulation polyurethane foam.

When people are discussing Beijing APEC Blue can continue going down, the Michelin Challenge Bibendum renowned experts focused on global sustainable transport sector, to discuss how to make cars per kilometer of carbon emissions to 50 grams or less. ClaudeMichel said Solvay for weight reduction on the 2nd sun power, electrification, power system efficiency, green and clean four aspects of innovative technologies, materials and solutions in the field of sustainable transport applications, can reduce vehicle weight, extend the life of lithium battery electric vehicles and improve performance, reduce fuel consumption and carbon dioxide emissions.

Solar industry on both sides of pond cheer US-Chinese CO2 emissions deal

The international PV industry on both sides of the Atlantic has applauded Wednesday's announcement by U.S. President Barack Obama and Chinese President Xi Jinping to increase the countries' efforts to cut carbon dioxide emissions and improve trade in green goods and clean energy technologies.

James Watson, CEO of the Brussels-based European Photovoltaic Industry Association (EPIA), told pv magazine that the organization supported and welcomed the move from the world’s biggest polluters and expressed hope that the announcement would indeed inspire other countries and increase momentum in global climate negotiations.

"A few weeks after the announcement of EU ambitions for 2030, this commitment from the world’s two largest carbon emitters is a strong signal ahead of the UN Climate Summit next year in Paris," Watson said. "EPIA supports the initiative and welcomes this timely development. We now hope that this will drive the consensus that is needed for an ambitious global climate agreement.

"The news is good for the solar industry, as solar is an obvious solution to fight climate change and stimulate local economies while bringing green, sustainable and affordable energy to the world."

Watson pointed out that solar energy would "be key to meeting the ambition of China to have 20% of energy from zero-emission sources by 2030."

U.K. Energy and Climate Change Secretary Ed Davey likewise welcomed the news. "These climate announcements from the U.S. and China are a clear sign that major economies are serious about getting a global deal in Paris next year.

"The U.K. led the drive to achieve an ambitious new EU target, and others are now following the EU's lead and putting targets on the table. I'm looking forward to discussing with the U.S. and China how we can achieve our shared goal of keeping the global temperature rise under 2 degrees, and avoid the most dangerous effects of climate change."

On the other side of the pond, the U.S. Solar Energy Industries Association (SEIA) hailed the U.S.-Chinese greenhouse gas emissions deal as an “historic, breakthrough agreement."

The bilateral pact sends a clear signal to private investors and political leaders here at home and around the world that solving climate change is a top priority on both sides of the globe, according to SEIA President and CEO Rhone Resch.

"This historic, breakthrough agreement represents a huge step forward when it comes to fighting climate change, and we're prepared to do our part," Resch said. "This year, solar is expected to offset an estimated 20 million metric tons of harmful CO2 emissions, which is the equivalent of taking 4 million cars off U.S. highways, saving 2.1 billion gallons of gasoline or shuttering half a dozen coal-fired power plants -- and we're just scratching the surface of our capabilities.

"Simply put, when looking at America’s energy future, solar can be a real game changer, providing more and more homes, businesses, schools and government entities across the United States with clean, reliable and affordable electricity, while also helping states to meet proposed new obligations under Section 111(d) of the Clean Air Act, as well as helping America to meet its carbon reduction goals under this agreement."

The White House followed up on Thursday with a statement from Obama counselor John Podesta, who said the new emission reduction target announced by the president “will roughly double the pace of our carbon pollution reduction -- from 1.2% per year from 2005 to 2020, to 2.3-2.8% from 2020 to 2025.

"This target keeps us on track to reduce our carbon pollution on the order of 80% by 2050, and means the U.S. is doing our part to keep global temperatures from rising more than 2 degrees Celsius."

Groundbreaking Ceremony Held for Japan’s Largest PV Power Plant with 230MW

On November 7, Jin Hai Yantian construction site “Setouchi megawatt-scale PV power plant project” groundbreaking ceremony was held Okayama Prefecture in Seto, Japan. The project is in Seto City, and has approximately 500 hectares of salt. It is about 260 ha site in the ground, construction output power of about 230MW of megawatt-scale PV power plants. It was completed megawatt-scale PV power plant in the largest one in Japan.

From the popularity of renewable energy and local innovation perspective, the project has great significance. Under the leadership of the local government, just two years since construction, “the owner of the site in the Yantian Seto City, Mayor Takehisa Cheng said this is significant.” He hopes to take advantage of megawatt-scale PV power plants to take care of the children left behind. “We will explore how to promote us this renewable energy legislation’s city.”

Megawatt-scale PV power plant generating facility is scheduled to begin in 2019 in the second quarter business operation. The whole project consists of three elements, namely, the “megawatt-scale PV power plant generating business’ as the core investment of about 3 billion yen reinforced embankments, drainage pumps and other "secure and safe business” and the maintenance of salt and other natural wetlands site. At the same time the environment can stimulate local economic vitality “urban construction and environmental protection work.” On the same day, Takehisa Setouchi City mayor announced the “Solar City Project”, showing the concept of the 25-year total of about 10 billion yen of the rent income is used to activate the local economy.

Planning and coordination of construction projects and megawatt-scale PV power plant-related facilities by Toyo Engineering Corporation, enhance dams and other infrastructure-related construction undertaken by Shimizu Construction Company. The generated electricity will be sold to all power companies in Japan and China. After the start of commercial operations, maintaining operations of power generation equipment to the Electrical Company predetermined is centered.

As a megawatt-scale PV power plant equipment, it will be under the consideration of the protection of ecosystems. Yantian site has the setting of about 920,000 solar panels. The solar Inverter (PCS) used by the US General Electric Company (GE) and Toshiba Mitsubishi Electric Industrial Systems Corporation (TMEIC) manufactured products. Corresponding to the construction of the land below sea level soft foundation, set up panels of the stand according to the characteristics foundations were used to pile foundation and the concrete foundation. Ease of accumulating rainwater connected to the ground, and this sets the height at one meter or more.

BNEF: global solar to grow to close to 60 GW in 2015

While the global PV market remains a difficult beast to predict, with a wide array of public policy variables impacting on demand across a host of countries, BNEF expects annual installed capacity to increase by more than 20% in 2015. BNEF forecasts that by the end of 2014 an additional 48.4 GW of solar generating capacity will have been added to global grids.

The key drivers for global growth, on a national level, remains to be China and Japan with BNEF expecting  13 GW to 14 GW and 9 GW to 11 GW to installed respectively in 2014. China, in particular, is seeing an end-of-year boom with BNEF expecting a whopping 8 PW to 9 GW of PV to commissioned in China in Q4 2014 alone.

“There was a 6 GW quota given to what [the Chinese government] called ‘transmission grid connected projects,’ at the beginning of the year – and those were going ahead without any problem,” said BNEF’s head of solar analysis Chase. “The big question was all about the 8 GW quota for ‘distribution grid connected PV projects’ – and for those the economics didn’t really make sense until early September when the government changed the rules.”

BNEF’s Chase reports that many Chinese project developers were waiting for such a rule change and were ready to go with projects planned and designed.

“There were a large number of projects that were in project planning that were waiting for this [rule change to ‘distribution grid connected projects’] to happen. So I am pretty optimistic that something like 8 or 9 GW of projects can be commissioned in the Q4,”

BNEF analysis indicates that supplying these projects remains profitable for Chinese module producers.

“I think it is still marginally profitable for the low cost suppliers,” said Chase. “We are hearing prices in the low $0.60/W, which in big enough volumes is still worth doing.” Such prices work with volumes above 10 MW, according to BNEF analysis.

Elsewhere European markets remain slow, and BNEF is less bullish than some other analysts on the UK market in 2014. It expects between 2.5 GW and 2.8 GW to be installed in 2014. Chase reports that it is still uncertain as to whether the “Contracts for Difference” (CfD) scheme, which is replacing ROCs in May 2015, will deliver any significant volume to PV developers.

Looking towards emerging PV markets, Chile looks set to approach GW-market status in 2015. BNEF forecasts between 470 MW and 570 MW to go into Chile in 2014, growing to between 800 MW and 975 MW in 2015.

The Indian market too will grow, according to the BNEF forecasts. From 892 MW to 1.1 GW in 2014, the Indian market looks set to double in size in 2015 – to 2.6 GW to 3.2 GW. Power generation for onsite use, in India, is a particularly interesting emerging market in India, says Chase.

“Even though the typical grid price for electricity in India is not particularly high, a lot of companies have these ‘captive power plants’ for reliability and because in India some commercial enterprises subsidizes the residential sector,” said Chase. “And this provides an incentive for companies to sign PPA with a solar plant.”

Largest African PV plant begins operation

Africa's largest PV plant has gone online in South Africa's Northern Cape.

Developed by California-based SolarReserve, the 96 MW Jasper solar project has completed construction and is fully operational, almost two months ahead of schedule.

Jasper is located in a solar park that also includes the 75 MW Lesedi solar power project, which came online in May, and the proposed 100 MW Redstone concentrated solar thermal power (CSP) plant featuring SolarReserve's CSP technology with integrated energy storage.

As part of the South African Renewable Energy Independent Power Producer Procurement Program (REIPPPP), Jasper will set aside a percentage of total project revenues for Enterprise Development and Socio-Economic Development for the benefit of the local communities.

"In addition to helping South Africa meet its critical electricity needs, the Jasper Project will bring long lasting economic benefits to the region," said SolarReserve CEO Kevin Smith, adding that the company would continuing its positive momentum in the country through collaboration on further endeavors, including upcoming CSP projects.

With more than 325,000 PV modules, the Jasper project will deliver 180,000 megawatt hours of electricity annually for South Africa residents – enough to supply some 80,000 households through a 20-year power purchase agreement with Eskom, the South African power utility company.

Selected by the South Africa Department of Energy (DOE) in the second round of bids under the REIPPPP, the project also marked Google's first renewable energy investment in Africa.

SolarReserve developed the project as part of a consortium that also included South African empowerment investment player Kensani Group and South African renewable energy project developer Intikon Energy. Investors inlcuded South Africa's Public Investment Corporation (PIC), Intikon, Kensani Capital Investments, Google, the PEACE Humansrus Community Trust and SolarReserve with Rand Merchant Bank providing preference share equity.

TBEA 500KW PV inverter with UL certification

Recently, the international authoritative testing and certification organization UL to independent research and the North American version 500KW inverter TBEA New Energy Company awarded UL certification, which is the Asia-Pacific region's first high-power inverters are UL certified, marked "Made in China "elevate the status of the world in the photovoltaic industry.

It is understood that TBEA new disposable inverter products certified by UL, UL approved earlier by the first laboratory was completed. UL side, said: "This collaboration with TBEA very happy, hope for the future to have more opportunities for cooperation, and strive for the global PV industry to bring the best products."

UL is a very experienced international authority on testing and certification organization, the one-time effectively promote the company's products quality improvement and overseas markets through the UL certification. Currently TBEA inverter steady growth in market share at home and abroad, TBEA New Energy Company will take the UL certification to provide more differentiated products and services to the world, to strengthen the manufacturing China in the international arena of new energy status, access to world industry recognition.

Container inverter solutions become mainstream trend

The inverter is a key component of photovoltaic power plants, photovoltaic power plants in the outbreak of the global growth in recent years, container type inverter solutions quickly become the market mainstream applications. So the question is, why is containerized inverter solution?

First, the cost efficiency is king, market selection is the first standard

Early large-scale power plants commonly used self-built cement room in the form of built-in inverter. Although the strength of the cement room and meet the requirements of life, but a long construction period, the project takes up a lot of time; large-scale photovoltaic power plants are mostly located in the desert plateau, high labor costs, difficult construction, building materials, transportation difficulties, resulting in cement room the overall construction costs are generally higher. Long construction period, high construction costs, in order to ensure construction quality and progress of the project, the owners of units had to arrange to hire professionals for guidance or supervision of the company on behalf of supervision.

The reason why the container program a launch on the market quickly, the primary reason is that the program works in construction time and cost advantages. Mainstream containerized general internal configuration of the inverter room 2 500KW inverter, depending on the requirements of owners can be further integrated DC power distribution cabinets and other equipment to form an independent photovoltaic power generation system unit. In addition to the simple ground and foundations, container program no other construction needs, by lifting directly placed in designated locations, good to meet the owners and EPC unit construction period of the project and the project cost requirements, and greatly reduces the difficulty of construction site risks .

Second, the integration of functional design, from products to solutions platform upgrade

Photovoltaic power plants of different application environment, to meet the cooling ventilation premise, inverter room needs to have good dustproof, waterproof, anti-corrosion ability. Container inverter room, the heat, protection and other functions to achieve the combination of inverter products, and provide owners with a personalized interior space, form an integrated functional design of the PV system access solutions platform. Container with sun power inverter example for analysis.

Sunshine Power Inverter containerized housing will inverters, DC cabinet integrated in one, using simple segmented vertical-type duct, the duct-free fan, zero loss, maintenance-free. Duct length is only 1m, small pressure loss, fan efficiency at its best state. Inverter at work, most of the heat is discharged through the duct outside the container, but also a part of the heat transferred by radiation inside the box, the internal flow of air to absorb heat to the top, and then discharged from the top of the container exhaust fan, ensures the inverter the long-term reliable operation.

Outside exhaust treatment, the same treatment should be integrated into the design of the wind. In addition the container side of the blinds, external cold air directly into the box by the side of the window, continuous flow in the back of the inverter, inverter heat way back from the original natural convection transformed into forced convection, convection heat transfer factor improved by nearly 10 times, greatly improving the heat transfer capability back, reducing the surface temperature; Moreover, persistent low level cold air formed around the inverter to inverter provides a good working environment.

Surrounding the container body additional insulation, the use of low thermal conductivity as rock wool insulation materials, laminated thickness of 50mm, can be effectively cut off from solar radiation and low temperature environment better insulation. S-shaped inlet box blinds patented design, effectively prevent the intrusion of wind and rain, dust and cotton are using a special high-throughput and low resistance filter cotton, reusable, simply press the blinds when replacing a dark button, you can remove the anti-cotton dust, the whole operation time is less than a few seconds.

In addition to cooling, insulation, protection of the integration of professional design, maintenance facilities also need to include the container platform design. Sunshine Power Inverter Built Container 500KW inverter and DC cabinet, using midline symmetrical placement to facilitate people to view device information and positive maintenance; inverter front door can be opened 160 °, which greatly improves the maintenance space; both sides of the container design the overall style double doors, providing a fast and convenient service channels, For large devices within the inverter to be replaced, the back double doors can be opened directly.

Not only in the photovoltaic industry and the power industry, as the global standardization of the large container, the container industry applications for the same program in multiple platforms.

Communications industry in the data center container originated from Sun in 2006's "black box scheme", which uses a standard 20-foot container, placed inside the server and power supply equipment, the obvious advantages of this design, and soon became the industry hot, now, IBM, HP, Google, Cisco, Microsoft and other giants have set foot (Figure 4), the product is used around the world, including deserts, coastal areas, its application is similar to the photovoltaic products.

Power industry, such as: electrical equipment manufacturer ACTIVEPOWER company, the battery manufacturer SAFT Group, and also a few years ago to join the ranks of containerization, which PowerHouse is ACTIVEPOWER company's major box-power products.

PV industry, SMA, Siemens and other foreign brands in 2009 began the introduction of container products, and widely used around the world. With significant cost advantages, construction efficiency and program platforms, with further expansion of photovoltaic power plant market, the scope of containerized inverter will be broader.

Component quality determines income generation photovoltaic power plants for 25 years

As the size and number of PV power plant increases every year, and now the owners are more concerned about how to improve the operation and maintenance of power plants the way through testing and quality assessment, and ultimately to increase the generating capacity of the power station. Thus, to ensure the quality of photovoltaic power plants has become a topic of concern. October 31, 2014 China Machinery Industry Federation, China held a PV power plant performance testing and quality assessment technology seminars to discuss the challenges for the development of power plant industry to bring quality.

There are three main power plant quality concerns, first ensure that power generation, and second, the reliability and the third is the operation and maintenance. In fact, on the road of integrating PV and capital, equity financing, including photovoltaic power plants, financial analysis, property transactions, insurance etc require a complete power plant quality assessment. As for the quality of photovoltaic power plants, and now the whole industry has developed a number of standards, such as components associated components, parts, etc. have balanced the relevant standards, maturing. But after the completion of the final power plant, how to evaluate the quality of power stations still do not have a unified standard.

In view of this situation, the US Energy Foundation supports a project undertaken by the Institute of Electrical Engineering Testing Center photovoltaic technology research group established a standard system of large-scale photovoltaic power plants, and to develop grid-connected photovoltaic power plant performance testing and quality assessment of technical specification standards .

However, on the other hand, the standard is just a macro inspection, testing standards should be more professional and refined some. Detection of a third party can not be completely representative of the quality, micro-monitoring system itself or to rely on technology to be realized.

For example, components, assemblies PV power plant is the highest part of the cost, price competition in order to seek to reduce the cost of market environment, the quality has become necessary to maintain the supply and demand sides of the bottom line.

In recent years, various parts of the PV installed capacity increasing, component quality problem ensues. Assembly problem is not confined to cells, but also involves a variety of packaging materials components, such as auxiliary junction box. Different quality grades of material, will bring a different quality components that determines the price of the component. So, the blind pursuit of component costs would cost pressures in all aspects of the industry chain to continue conducting it. In other words, the quality of the components generating revenue directly determines the photovoltaic power plant operation period of 25 years.

Thus, the focus of photovoltaic power plants should be more focus on the quality of the product life cycle of 25 years of reliability, and enter a dynamic quality testing phase.

For power plant quality assurance methods,we must first have a professional quality management team, technical innovation and intelligence can solve most problems; secondly, to establish from the relevant standards for manufacturing, installation, operation and maintenance as well as power plants; and third , manufacturing companies must do their own reliability testing; fourth, it is the technological innovation intelligent.

SunPower to acquire SolarBridge to develop the next generation of AC component products

Mainstream SunPower photovoltaic energy suppliers will acquire a US small-cap micro-inverter company SolarBridgeTechnologies, the amount has not been announced.

According to SunPower, specializing in integrated micro-inverter technology, SolarBridge SunPower's technology uses highly efficient components for residential and commercial rooftop markets, will be able to develop operational.

CormacGilligan IHS senior analyst, said in an interview: "In 2013 the revenue side, SolarBridge is the third largest supplier of micro inverter since early 2013, it has expanded beyond the United States, access to international markets, made in Australia. some success. "

IHS expects significantly lower due to AC component "soft costs" such as a large proportion of the labor force is currently in the United States overall system cost, which will be the fastest growing micro-inverter type, the annual growth of over 100% in 2018 reach 800MW or more.

SunPower will acquire a US small-cap micro-inverter company SolarBridgeTechnologies, the amount has not been announced

SolarBridge week in October SolarPowerInternational stressed that it has to choose the United States conducted a survey installers, noting that due to the vast selection of hardware on the market, for the installer to select the best application in terms of the technical aspects, challenges.

SolarBridgeTechnologies Bill Mulligan, president and CEO, in a statement during SPI, said: "Today's installers face of the modules, inverters power electronics technology in the field and a lot of hardware options .SolarBridge customers have been telling us, by virtue of their TRUEAC components to achieve significant cost savings, and this study aims to clarify the decisions entrusted soft costs associated with the hardware. "

Mulligan added: "The installer told us that it is no exaggeration to say that without the use of micro-inverter or AC components, they will inevitably be a quarter of the unemployment rate which emphasizes the AC photovoltaic technology makes installation business more. obvious advantages productivity and profitability aspects. "

However, according to a report earlier GTMResearch 2014, the PV inverter market competition is intensifying, and the integration is in progress.

Senior analyst and author of the report GTMResearch of MJShiao said: "Although there are many companies attacks MLPE (component-level power electronics) in the field, but the three companies --Enphase, SolarEdge and Tigo-- accounted shipments and market share of total installed capacity more than 93%, Enecsys, SolarBridge, PetraSolar and others far behind. first-mover advantage has enabled the participants reached an important development and distribution partnerships, and later to gain significant market traction before. However, we expect changes appear in the rankings, especially since the conventional inverter companies such as SMA and Power-One, continue to develop and promote their own MLPE product. "

In fact, SMASolar has slowed the development of its own micro-inverter technology, and to withstand a late market entry. SunPower has long been in their installers for large US base system (Kit) product supply, use SMASolar renamed string inverters.

IHS's Gilligan added:. "Between the US housing market large installers / EPC and BOS providers, there are many examples of vertical integration, as happened last year Solarcity acquisition ZepSolar these major concern in lower installation costs .IHS expected since suppliers continue to seek to optimize their supply complete systems and simplify its route to market, this trend will continue in 2015 and further. "

SunPower PV modules for its own direct purchase and development of power electronics technology, a move in the coming years in terms of business for SMASolar could be a hit. SMASolar has been struggling in the fierce competition, and the loss of market share.

SunPower also with SolarCity and Vivint and other companies in the US housing market competition, SolarBridge competitors include leading micro-inverter company Enphase, the company is the provider of these types of PV installed a major supplier.

SunPower President and CEO Tom Werner, said: "SunPower acquisition SolarBridge its high-performance micro inverter technology that will allow us to develop a differentiated product, specifically optimized for our highly efficient solar panels which are integrated. electronic beginning to our world-class solar panel technology. in this case, the result of the merger will provide our residential customers a simple, reliable and complete solution for their family size, including a flexible system design resistance, ease of installation and maintenance, and improves the overall appearance. "

SunPower was founded in 2004, has about 70 five employees. The company has a SunPower as an existing customer, the customer also includes joint venture manufacturing partners and component manufacturer BenQ ETSolar.

Gobi landscape: in the PV base into the green image

Golmud City, east exit ambitious photovoltaic parks, neat rows of spruce, poplar along the photovoltaic park road stretching several kilometers on both sides, for the vast Gobi adds vitality and vigor, become a unique landscape.

In recent years, the city of Golmud thoroughly implement the provincial government to work on the photovoltaic industrial park greening policies and arrangements, timely establishment of the leadership team, clear responsibilities, detailed work, to promote the greening of photovoltaic industrial park work. Photovoltaic Industrial Park each enterprise initiative to take responsibility, establish environmental awareness, strengthen post-maintenance, management, consolidate achievements green park.

It is reported that in 2014 the park greening project invested 110 million yuan (provincial, state and municipal financial investments), and completed the afforestation 8300 acres. Through work in recent years, the foundation has been formed here shelterbelts surrounding green frame, with the ongoing work in the future greening, will be a radical improvement in the photovoltaic industry park only sand yellow, green tree seen the face of the future of photovoltaic industrial park will achieve ecological photovoltaic, green PV. This reporter recently in a leading Golmud Photovoltaic Industrial Park Industrial Park and shot a few scenes.

Go green Golmud Photovoltaic Park Avenue for entering the photovoltaic power plant on the road adds a new vigor and vitality.

Photovoltaic Industrial Park Area greening forthcoming.

Photovoltaic Industrial Park has been completed greening Area.

Photovoltaic Market Efficient Become a trend，Monocrystalline expected to reduce the cost 40%

Which polysilicon and monocrystalline silicon strong? This is the field of solar energy component indisputable technology, has a direct impact on the industry trends, industry has recently become a hot topic. In the past few years, the polysilicon product by means of cost advantages, the development of the domestic photovoltaic applications into the mainstream market. But there are indications that monocrystalline silicon products is pregnant with a very strong explosive.

Election chaos under the polysilicon industry

High conversion efficiency is the only way out of the solar industry, if not the efficiency of the post, industry will have no future. Low solar energy density, light energy is very high collection costs, the cost of solar power plants in the glass, frame, back, aluminum frame and other very large proportion of these traditional materials, and in the course of hundreds of years of development, the cost of these materials fall the range is limited, so the proportion of solar energy in the energy sector in order to improve, we must improve the conversion efficiency and reduce collection costs. Only conversion rate, power output increased to reflect the economics of photovoltaic power generation.

Technically speaking, silicon single crystal structure of the components due to its high material purity, low resistance, high photoelectric conversion efficiency, the operating temperature lower than silicon components. Therefore, under the same conditions, the higher the power of the same nominal power output of monocrystalline silicon component, and the decay rate of the single crystal silicon is less than the product of polysilicon, its higher stability.

Earlier, a large-scale photovoltaic power plant quality survey organized by the China Financial Leasing Co., show that about 30 percent over three years to build power plants in varying degrees of quality problems, and even built three years but PV power plant components decay rates as high as 68%.

But why is the mainstream of the market polysilicon? One impetus terminal lack of monocrystalline silicon market, resulting in the industry's lack of understanding, speaking monocrystalline polycrystalline construction costs than the more expensive per W from the appearance, but the actual per W, Judging generation monocrystalline not expensive. . Second, because most domestic battery manufacturers have a polycrystalline ingot production capacity, for pulling his chain, active sales of polysilicon products, channels and wider. Third Monocrystalline technical requirements, long production cycle, only a handful of companies have inventories, such as the occurrence grab installed by the end, it is difficult to form an effective supply of monocrystalline silicon products. .

This is China's new energy market development, especially the development of the PV market chaos, the threshold is low, the quality standards are not clear. Part of the power plant builders do not want to really hold power station, so driven by the interests, reduce costs choose low-quality components, which also appeared in some of the low-quality plants.

Monocrystalline expected future cost reduction 40%

Monocrystalline and polycrystalline silicon which is expensive? A power plant investment sources, investment watt power plant to see the system indicators, that is, after completing construction of the entire power plant system, in terms of cost per watt is how much money. So now integrated to build a ground station to count all costs, polycrystalline or monocrystalline lower than that, and this is the main reason they chose polycrystalline.


In fact, with the continuous improvement of monocrystalline silicon technology, we are using diamond wire cutting and continuous feeding Czochralski method, the cost difference between the single crystal silicon and polycrystalline silicon sheet is shrinking, combined with efficient monocrystalline silicon component also can significantly reduce BOS cost of the system, which will save the total cost of system installation. The decline in the cost of polysilicon manufacturing space is relatively limited.

From a global perspective, high efficiency solar module products become mainstream. March 21 this year, the product of many years of production of polycrystalline Kyocera announced the new monocrystalline module products in response to market demand for high conversion efficiency of the product; this year June 17, Tesla's another head Maske star Enterprise Sun City (Solarcity) announced the acquisition of a single crystal component manufacturers Cylons electricity, and plans the next two years in New York annual production capacity of more than 1GW of module production capacity. In addition, the N-type monocrystalline global enterprises Sunpower also introduced this year expansion plan, annual production capacity expected to 2015,2016 upgrade from the current 1.2GW to 1.4GW, 1.8GW; MissionSolar crystal battery manufacturers and the world's largest supplier of silicon wafers GCL also announced expansion plans crystal products.

how to improve the quality of photovoltaic power plants

2014, the policy was adjusted to all electricity subsidies, and subsidies for electricity is relatively stable after upgrading the quality of photovoltaic power plants becomes urgent. EPC as power plants to control the quality of the core, you need to assume sufficient responsibility to the industry in order to establish confidence. Specifically, the following:

1, do firmly EPC

EPC refers to the design, procurement and installation of the general contractor, and are split to various enterprises to implement its investors before the photovoltaic industry, which led to the final quality no commitment Station. Of course, some investors because of previous industry is relatively new, there are few EPC have a great experience in all aspects, is a last resort. Now, if the EPC or not these three together; or that although consolidation, but the procurement or design choices in the hands of investors, then the power plant quality is really worrying.

We are also pleased to see that there are a few domestic manufacturers began to insist on doing the EPC general contractor, and provides guarantees electricity power stations.

2, power plant construction grading

Build quality photovoltaic power plant to be all of a sudden turn for the better, it seems more difficult, because the mentality of investors is difficult to immediately adjust over. So you do not want to assume the risk if no project to undertake EPC, you need to offer for classification treatment plant construction, and assembly factory grading which is a reason to allow the formation of such an industry standard, and gradually change the mentality of investors;

Of course, some people will say how to set grading standards is a challenge. This is actually quite simple, for investors, concerned with the generation capacity, as long as the level of power output guarantee to measure it. For example, a site with photovoltaic resource maps, for example, on the basis of the maximum power output hit 0.95 fold as Class A; 0.9 fold for Class B; 0.85 for class C; on this basis can also be subdivided. Of course, before the grading offer, the need for land and housing in the survey, as well as understanding the environment and future plans and so on; for example, there is a certain time shadow blocked the project, can commit generating capacity in accordance with the Class B, but pricing is based on A-level to newspaper .

If you worry about the local resources in recent years, changes in irradiance is too large, can be used as a basis for commitment system efficiency based on the measured radiation resources; recommend using a third-party site measurement data, CMA data, and three NASA data as a weighted numerical convergence according to the resource reference value; its weight recommendations were 60%, 20%, 20% (note the same inclination at data components); system efficiency, A, B, C class divide in the eastern region mainly in the 75%, 73% and 70%; mainly in the western region of 80%, 78% and 75% is divided; note system efficiency refers to the cumulative amount of the annual index, on any given day, month or season in efficiency are not the same , without much actual reference value;

3, using the BT model

PV power plant with a general contractor in the background under certain financing to acquire greater autonomy and profit margins (full BT way is to determine the construction side of the project by bidding through the BT model, the construction side set up the project company responsible for the project company financing, investment and construction projects, in the form of repurchase by the owners after the project is completed). The case of photovoltaic power plants as a stable income products, while the EPC for its own technical strength is also confident of taking BT model is the best option.