Thursday 6 November 2014
9 points of distributed rooftop generation projects need to know before investing
Distributed rooftop power projects need to know before investing in a few key points.
1, the height of the photovoltaic power generation project scope inflection point coordinates of the building;
2 years of meteorological data for each calendar month of solar radiation data, with the same period of the project site station at least one full year of solar radiation data (direct radiation, diffuse radiation, the total radiation data). 30 years of severe weather information, such as dust, lightning, heavy rain, hail and the like;
3, vectorization measurement diagram (clear roof available), the building structure and roof layout, layout of surrounding buildings (specify height and occlusion);
4, the plant electrical equipment for dual power switching time what are the requirements;
5, the roof of the building, structure layout;
6, the original plant consumption (total, load forecasting, electricity periods, etc.);
7, roof rent way, in the form of a discount price, or in other forms, may finally be the final outcome of the negotiations;
8, estimate the nature of the field area of electricity, electricity tariff;
9, in the actual work carried out during the construction of the unit may also be required to provide relevant additional information.
1, the height of the photovoltaic power generation project scope inflection point coordinates of the building;
2 years of meteorological data for each calendar month of solar radiation data, with the same period of the project site station at least one full year of solar radiation data (direct radiation, diffuse radiation, the total radiation data). 30 years of severe weather information, such as dust, lightning, heavy rain, hail and the like;
3, vectorization measurement diagram (clear roof available), the building structure and roof layout, layout of surrounding buildings (specify height and occlusion);
4, the plant electrical equipment for dual power switching time what are the requirements;
5, the roof of the building, structure layout;
6, the original plant consumption (total, load forecasting, electricity periods, etc.);
7, roof rent way, in the form of a discount price, or in other forms, may finally be the final outcome of the negotiations;
8, estimate the nature of the field area of electricity, electricity tariff;
9, in the actual work carried out during the construction of the unit may also be required to provide relevant additional information.
The core area's Carport of APEC meeting will use the solar thin-film power technology of Hina
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) meeting will be held in Beijing on November 7. Hina recently announced that the core area of the APEC meeting carport use Hina "World leading Chinese wisdom made" thin-film solar power generation technology, not only to achieve energy saving and environmental protection, but also to achieve a light, beautiful, become a different kind within APEC venue landscape.
Today, high-speed operation of modern society, particularly in the construction, industrial, transportation three main areas of excessive energy consumption caused tremendous pressure on the environment, haze and other topics people become increasingly concerned about the current topic. Statistics show that the single is the proportion of total energy consumption of a building's total energy consumption in the country had more than 27% of building energy consumption in 2013 to 10 million tons of coal or more.
Hina believes the solar used in construction, development of thin film power generation building integrated (BIPV) to improve our energy level architectural significance. BIPV is a solar power generation system integrated in the roof of a building, wall, ceiling and other building technology solutions. This technique can cause buildings to fight for a separate building solar power plants to provide clean power supply.
Hina at the APEC meeting of the core area of the building is one of the main forms of photovoltaic carport realization of BIPV. The project uses Hina world's leading thin film solar power generation technology, high efficiency thin film power components are integrated in the shed roof, electricity for lighting and other electrical needs of the hair, to achieve self-occupied green electricity. Carport roof paved with thin-film solar power generation module also features a translucent, light inside the building to meet the needs.
Statistics show that the next five years China BIPV urban architecture can be applied to the area will reach 1.79 billion square meters, fully release the BIPV market for the equivalent of 52 million tons of carbon dioxide emissions contribute to reduce emissions 16 million vehicles. Faced with blue ocean market, Hina constant force, recently announced that its headquarters is located in Beijing's largest building-integrated thin-film generation (BIPV) projects a project completed and put into use. Also announced that, through the integration of global technology and independent research, Hina has become the design, development, production, integration, construction and operation and maintenance as one of BIPV solutions.
Hina headquarters BIPV project combines the building walls, corridor, skylights, flexible roof, carport and other BIPV integrated construction method, the total installed capacity of 3MW, an installed capacity of 600KW, resolves Group Headquarters 20% of energy demand, two completed will achieve 100% of the Group headquarters energy self-sufficiency. The project year 2500 tons of carbon dioxide emissions, equivalent to 140,000 species of trees, 780 to reduce vehicle exhaust emissions.
The most important feature of the project is a modern building while maintaining the original layout of the plane features the same premise, the introduction of a very futuristic design elements, building facade BIPV components using Dragon armor design, different shape, color, light transmittance with the use of solar thin-film modules, and based lighting, shading, ventilation and other functional requirements overall design. This design from the architectural point of view of aesthetics, highlighting features and innovative architecture, build unlimited potential and vitality of modern green buildings.
Hina also released a transmission type, color type, hollow type, large, shaped, lightweight, flexible BIPV modules and other types of products, and has adopted management system, building materials, solar cells and many other certification authority. Hina BIPV component also has low-light resistance, good high temperature performance, color, shape can be customized, light uniformity, flexible bendable and other advantages can be in compliance with building safety requirements, as the high-tech materials to provide electricity, while meeting aesthetic needs of all types of building artistic effects and overall coordination and so on.
Hina said that China's energy conservation situation is grim, especially in the development of large-scale development of solar BIPV right time. Our BIPV market has great potential, but in order to be able to represent the Chinese solar companies mature technology, improve services, large-scale development conditions have been met, the time is ripe. I hope the green building concept advocated by APEC conference center will play a leading role model solar energy applications in the construction field.
Today, high-speed operation of modern society, particularly in the construction, industrial, transportation three main areas of excessive energy consumption caused tremendous pressure on the environment, haze and other topics people become increasingly concerned about the current topic. Statistics show that the single is the proportion of total energy consumption of a building's total energy consumption in the country had more than 27% of building energy consumption in 2013 to 10 million tons of coal or more.
Hina believes the solar used in construction, development of thin film power generation building integrated (BIPV) to improve our energy level architectural significance. BIPV is a solar power generation system integrated in the roof of a building, wall, ceiling and other building technology solutions. This technique can cause buildings to fight for a separate building solar power plants to provide clean power supply.
Hina at the APEC meeting of the core area of the building is one of the main forms of photovoltaic carport realization of BIPV. The project uses Hina world's leading thin film solar power generation technology, high efficiency thin film power components are integrated in the shed roof, electricity for lighting and other electrical needs of the hair, to achieve self-occupied green electricity. Carport roof paved with thin-film solar power generation module also features a translucent, light inside the building to meet the needs.
Statistics show that the next five years China BIPV urban architecture can be applied to the area will reach 1.79 billion square meters, fully release the BIPV market for the equivalent of 52 million tons of carbon dioxide emissions contribute to reduce emissions 16 million vehicles. Faced with blue ocean market, Hina constant force, recently announced that its headquarters is located in Beijing's largest building-integrated thin-film generation (BIPV) projects a project completed and put into use. Also announced that, through the integration of global technology and independent research, Hina has become the design, development, production, integration, construction and operation and maintenance as one of BIPV solutions.
Hina headquarters BIPV project combines the building walls, corridor, skylights, flexible roof, carport and other BIPV integrated construction method, the total installed capacity of 3MW, an installed capacity of 600KW, resolves Group Headquarters 20% of energy demand, two completed will achieve 100% of the Group headquarters energy self-sufficiency. The project year 2500 tons of carbon dioxide emissions, equivalent to 140,000 species of trees, 780 to reduce vehicle exhaust emissions.
The most important feature of the project is a modern building while maintaining the original layout of the plane features the same premise, the introduction of a very futuristic design elements, building facade BIPV components using Dragon armor design, different shape, color, light transmittance with the use of solar thin-film modules, and based lighting, shading, ventilation and other functional requirements overall design. This design from the architectural point of view of aesthetics, highlighting features and innovative architecture, build unlimited potential and vitality of modern green buildings.
Hina also released a transmission type, color type, hollow type, large, shaped, lightweight, flexible BIPV modules and other types of products, and has adopted management system, building materials, solar cells and many other certification authority. Hina BIPV component also has low-light resistance, good high temperature performance, color, shape can be customized, light uniformity, flexible bendable and other advantages can be in compliance with building safety requirements, as the high-tech materials to provide electricity, while meeting aesthetic needs of all types of building artistic effects and overall coordination and so on.
Hina said that China's energy conservation situation is grim, especially in the development of large-scale development of solar BIPV right time. Our BIPV market has great potential, but in order to be able to represent the Chinese solar companies mature technology, improve services, large-scale development conditions have been met, the time is ripe. I hope the green building concept advocated by APEC conference center will play a leading role model solar energy applications in the construction field.
Wednesday 5 November 2014
Monocrystalline began to replace the polysilicon market demand growth is expected to exceed 30%
This year, the PV industry continued to pick up.
Reporter According to Wind statistics, in the first three quarters of this year, 18 listed companies in the photovoltaic industry is just five losses, the rest were profitable.
Specifically, the number of polysilicon business to profitability; and monocrystalline silicon companies are usher in rapid development period, with costs continue to decrease, increased gross margins, to achieve single-crystal silicon enterprises Lungi shares in the first three quarters of net profit of 180 million yuan, greatly increased 356.59 percent year on year.
Analysts said that despite the current polysilicon dominant market, but the share of single-crystal silicon is increasing. Monocrystalline will begin to implement a partial substitute for polysilicon, market demand growth is expected to exceed 30%, higher than the overall growth of the photovoltaic industry.
In addition, the industry believes that in the long run, the photovoltaic industry development speed positive, but will remain in a deep adjustment phase.
Monocrystalline tide approaching, demand growth is expected to exceed 30%
It is worth noting that the PV market debate about the long time between the silicon and polysilicon.
PV companies in holding the 'get rich quick' idea that many people hope to buy equipment for two years to earn back. Therefore, the rapid expansion in the photovoltaic business process, many companies have chosen the route of polysilicon, first, because polycrystalline cheap, and second, because do not understand a single crystal. Currently only five or six companies producing monocrystalline silicon wafers.
But comparatively speaking, whether from the conversion efficiency or from the cost point of view, the single crystal silicon are better than polysilicon.
Under the same conditions, the higher the component generating the same amount of silicon single crystal nominal power, and a conversion rate of silicon cells is weaker than the attenuation rate of the polysilicon and higher stability.
Data show that the current large-scale industrial production of silicon solar cell conversion efficiency at 19% -20% efficiency monocrystalline silicon (HIT) can reach 23% -24%, while the photoelectric conversion efficiency of polycrystalline silicon cells in 17% - 18%. Improved efficiency monocrystalline silicon solar cells space than the polycrystalline silicon solar cells.
In addition, under the same lighting conditions, every watt monocrystalline photovoltaic power generation system than the polycrystalline high 4% -8%, and operation and maintenance costs per unit of installed capacity is less than polycrystalline. Each crystal system thus the overall cost of electricity generated is much lower than the polycrystalline systems.
Future technological progress or further widen the crystal and polycrystalline cell conversion efficiency gap. Difficult to find, silicon is being recognized by more and more companies in the market.
Reporter According to Wind statistics, in the first three quarters of this year, 18 listed companies in the photovoltaic industry is just five losses, the rest were profitable.
Specifically, the number of polysilicon business to profitability; and monocrystalline silicon companies are usher in rapid development period, with costs continue to decrease, increased gross margins, to achieve single-crystal silicon enterprises Lungi shares in the first three quarters of net profit of 180 million yuan, greatly increased 356.59 percent year on year.
Analysts said that despite the current polysilicon dominant market, but the share of single-crystal silicon is increasing. Monocrystalline will begin to implement a partial substitute for polysilicon, market demand growth is expected to exceed 30%, higher than the overall growth of the photovoltaic industry.
In addition, the industry believes that in the long run, the photovoltaic industry development speed positive, but will remain in a deep adjustment phase.
Monocrystalline tide approaching, demand growth is expected to exceed 30%
It is worth noting that the PV market debate about the long time between the silicon and polysilicon.
PV companies in holding the 'get rich quick' idea that many people hope to buy equipment for two years to earn back. Therefore, the rapid expansion in the photovoltaic business process, many companies have chosen the route of polysilicon, first, because polycrystalline cheap, and second, because do not understand a single crystal. Currently only five or six companies producing monocrystalline silicon wafers.
But comparatively speaking, whether from the conversion efficiency or from the cost point of view, the single crystal silicon are better than polysilicon.
Under the same conditions, the higher the component generating the same amount of silicon single crystal nominal power, and a conversion rate of silicon cells is weaker than the attenuation rate of the polysilicon and higher stability.
Data show that the current large-scale industrial production of silicon solar cell conversion efficiency at 19% -20% efficiency monocrystalline silicon (HIT) can reach 23% -24%, while the photoelectric conversion efficiency of polycrystalline silicon cells in 17% - 18%. Improved efficiency monocrystalline silicon solar cells space than the polycrystalline silicon solar cells.
In addition, under the same lighting conditions, every watt monocrystalline photovoltaic power generation system than the polycrystalline high 4% -8%, and operation and maintenance costs per unit of installed capacity is less than polycrystalline. Each crystal system thus the overall cost of electricity generated is much lower than the polycrystalline systems.
Future technological progress or further widen the crystal and polycrystalline cell conversion efficiency gap. Difficult to find, silicon is being recognized by more and more companies in the market.
Photovoltaic power plant "illness" are frequent,Energy Bureau use "strong medicine" solve problems
Solar power as a clean energy applications have been developed for many years, and now the technology is relatively mature, has entered every household. Statistics show that in 2013 China's new PV power installed capacity of 12.9 GW, the world's largest photovoltaic applications. 2014 China PV power plant construction will reach 10-12 GW, accounting for a quarter of global.
But brutal development of the industry has also brought many problems, the National Energy Board recently made clear that in some areas, and supporting grid PV power plant construction are not synchronized, project management is not standardized, weak standards and quality management issues outstanding.
AQSIQ recently released a report checks for solar photovoltaic modules with anti-reflective coated glass product quality supervision and spot checks, the results surprising, sampling of 30 companies 30 kinds of products, 23 kinds of only 23 companies product qualification, sampling corporate yields and product qualification rate was 76.7%.
The report shows that this sample test involving seven projects, including debris state, shotgun bag impact properties, optical properties, resistance to a clean slate, resistance to neutral salt spray, humidity freeze properties, UV resistance. Where debris state, shotgun bag impact safety performance indicators related to the product after installing the photovoltaic modules, photovoltaic modules using secure. The results show that failed mainly for moisture and debris frozen performance status.
In fact, these risks would have exposed the reality of recent years in the western region of photovoltaic power plants frequently exposed quality issues. According to a report by a third-party testing organization Beijing General Certification Center, the country has surveyed 425 solar power plants, 30 percent more than three years to build power plants have experienced varying degrees of problems.
Some blame the high subsidies and low acceptance criteria Golden Sun works in previous years, resulting in a lot of western power plants there are serious quality problems. Life expectancy is 25 years of power plant operation, follow-up questions will become increasingly serious.
Frequently exposed photovoltaic plant quality problems make the National Energy Board recognized the seriousness of the problem, has taken a series of measures to rectify. And the use of certified products meet the national targets Express document recently issued "on further strengthening PV power plant construction and operation management notice" from the 11 aspects of photovoltaic power plants were standardized, and require the project unit equipment procurement tender .
But brutal development of the industry has also brought many problems, the National Energy Board recently made clear that in some areas, and supporting grid PV power plant construction are not synchronized, project management is not standardized, weak standards and quality management issues outstanding.
AQSIQ recently released a report checks for solar photovoltaic modules with anti-reflective coated glass product quality supervision and spot checks, the results surprising, sampling of 30 companies 30 kinds of products, 23 kinds of only 23 companies product qualification, sampling corporate yields and product qualification rate was 76.7%.
The report shows that this sample test involving seven projects, including debris state, shotgun bag impact properties, optical properties, resistance to a clean slate, resistance to neutral salt spray, humidity freeze properties, UV resistance. Where debris state, shotgun bag impact safety performance indicators related to the product after installing the photovoltaic modules, photovoltaic modules using secure. The results show that failed mainly for moisture and debris frozen performance status.
In fact, these risks would have exposed the reality of recent years in the western region of photovoltaic power plants frequently exposed quality issues. According to a report by a third-party testing organization Beijing General Certification Center, the country has surveyed 425 solar power plants, 30 percent more than three years to build power plants have experienced varying degrees of problems.
Some blame the high subsidies and low acceptance criteria Golden Sun works in previous years, resulting in a lot of western power plants there are serious quality problems. Life expectancy is 25 years of power plant operation, follow-up questions will become increasingly serious.
Frequently exposed photovoltaic plant quality problems make the National Energy Board recognized the seriousness of the problem, has taken a series of measures to rectify. And the use of certified products meet the national targets Express document recently issued "on further strengthening PV power plant construction and operation management notice" from the 11 aspects of photovoltaic power plants were standardized, and require the project unit equipment procurement tender .
PV power plant quality "invisible culprit": poor quality EVA film PID decay rate of over 60%
2014 China PV power plant construction will reach 10-12GW, accounting for a quarter of the world's. To November, the domestic photovoltaic power plant started to usher in the peak period. Currently, however, has built PV power plant quality large-scale problems of extraordinary attention, including large ground station components attenuation and snail patterns outbreaks and other issues. The author of the owner of Qinghai, Xinjiang, part of the power plant in Zhangjiakou conducted research or talk to visit and found the well-known brand component parts used in power plants of 1-2 years on the assembly severe decay, snail pattern is a large-scale outbreak.
Beijing CGC relevant responsible person said, the current problems of photovoltaic power plants focused on the quality of equipment, plant design, power plant construction and power plant operation and maintenance and so on. Through the 425 plant test found that PV modules mainly hot spots, cracked and power attenuation and other quality problems. In power attenuation, for example, runs at the center of last year's 11 large-scale field testing ground station components for about a year, after taking into account the uncertainty of device discovery, about 50% of the component attenuation between 5% to 10% , about 30% of the components of the power attenuation of more than 10%, 8% of component has more than 20% decay. This means that the 25 component companies generally promise only 20% attenuation of warranty, and some products had only one year to run close to or even beyond the bottom line.
Two years before the Chinese PV industry excessive investment, coupled with low investment threshold, leading to the outbreak of capacity, followed by Gresham's law. Because many developers do not understand the power station component technology and system technology, simply use a lot of investment income in order to pursue cheap, low-quality components. Through research on the domestic power plants, power plants do well attenuation, attenuation of the annual assembly of generating capacity can do 0.1%, while some components of the product has not been tested, attenuation actually over 60%. Solar PV modules in plastic parts is its quality short board. Plastic parts junction box, sealing silicone, backplanes and EVA film . EVA film which is the weakest part. EVA film, EVA resin and additives by heating the extrusion. Because EVA resin itself readily hydrolyzed to produce acetic acid, has become an important component of many different reasons for power attenuation problems.
Acetic acid sodium salt of the glass can be caused by the reaction of sodium ion migration resulting in attenuation of power components (PID attenuation), the gate line can also be induced by oxidation reaction of the silver pattern phenomenon occurs snails. Japan Chemitox by cells immersed in a dilute solution of acetic acid concentration observed certain changes in the silver grid lines can be gradually proved acetate silver gate line cells surface corrosion narrowed.
Through experimental simulation harsh natural environment, 85 degrees Celsius, 85% humidity and applied voltage 1000V, aged 96 hours, the current use of inexpensive EVA film PV modules are 20% -60% of decay occurs. This means that if the domestic production of components in a power plant environment is not the ideal situation that may happen in 10 years on a large scale attenuation. Even with 96 hours or 192 hours decay test whether PV modules can guarantee 25 years of life is still unknown. Some large temperature difference between morning and evening, or near the water's edge PV plant is crisis-ridden, and these sites due to the low price or no other use is often easy to become a PV power plant is selected.
With the development of PV technology, power users, many countries have anti-decay properties of components made progressively more stringent requirements. For example PVEL PV modules have been raised through 600 hours of anti-PID aging test, while Japan Chemitox raised the need to retain in the case of the module surface water film anti-PID test component attenuation performance. For snail pattern problem of PV modules, there is no pretty standard test methods, but most will be made of cells cracked state assembly and then made alternately aging and exposure to hot and humid. Some EVA film makers to use EVA snail pattern attributed to recycled materials, with no use of EVA material back to promises no snail pattern phenomenon, in fact, this is the performance of fur and EVA resin only know very little understanding of the components and the blind structure made guarantee. Plastics Processing times will naturally lead to a gradual degradation of its own, but in the production of EVA film rarely have the possibility of repeated processing of EVA resin. Water permeability and the choice of formulation and processing lines and snails EVA film solar cell quality, backplane are, design and other aspects of the relationship between the components of both. For EVA film, in order to achieve the anti-snail pattern is more important is how to do their own resistance to hydrolysis.
PV power currently used anti-decay program components to ensure that after 85 degrees Celsius and 85% humidity of 96 hours of aging 1000V PV module power attenuation within 5%. Wei Hai excellent use of new materials AG EVA film anti-PID attenuation attenuation of less than 2% in a number of well-known components of plant trials. In the component surface water film in Japan Chemitox have anti-decay tests, new materials Wei Hai excellent anti-PID attenuation AG EVA film is to become the national assembly plant tested an important guarantee. Which means sea gifted Granville EVA film can in the harsh natural environment, protect PV modules have a longer life.
Plant life of 25 years, according to calculations, the components used in power and attenuation attenuation 0.8% compared to 5%, a difference of 9.4% ROI. Back to a point of view, now the best and worst of EVA material EVA material, the only difference between the cost per watt of 0.03 yuan, that generation made three days of gains can completely cover the costs. According to the British Wind & Sun Company 2.6KW power plant (the UK's first distributed power plants) and Hainan Jianfengling research station, power attenuation EVA yellowing and mostly caused by lightning patterns lead to hot spots, if high-quality EVA, component life completely can be more than 25 years to achieve a higher life. CQC technical engineer Zhang Xue said: Common Station power plant owners to invest considers component cost as low as possible, the actual components of such a concept does not take 25 years of life, and ROI power station, power plant investors should be concerned about the quality of the components, and packaging materials in the components in a very important position, especially EVA material, because the use of low-quality EVA could lead to large-scale outbreaks of lightning power plants and power lines attenuation as domestic installed capacity to grow, more and more prominent. Owners PV power plant investment, the choice of materials for EVA also need to be cautious.
I believe that despite the low quality components to reduce the cost per watt of installed capacity, but significantly reduces the life of the power station, leading to power plant does not meet lifetime decay occurs, even ahead of power plant scrapped. Investors should ignore the power plant construction cost per watt, and then focus on the cost of electricity.
Beijing CGC relevant responsible person said, the current problems of photovoltaic power plants focused on the quality of equipment, plant design, power plant construction and power plant operation and maintenance and so on. Through the 425 plant test found that PV modules mainly hot spots, cracked and power attenuation and other quality problems. In power attenuation, for example, runs at the center of last year's 11 large-scale field testing ground station components for about a year, after taking into account the uncertainty of device discovery, about 50% of the component attenuation between 5% to 10% , about 30% of the components of the power attenuation of more than 10%, 8% of component has more than 20% decay. This means that the 25 component companies generally promise only 20% attenuation of warranty, and some products had only one year to run close to or even beyond the bottom line.
Two years before the Chinese PV industry excessive investment, coupled with low investment threshold, leading to the outbreak of capacity, followed by Gresham's law. Because many developers do not understand the power station component technology and system technology, simply use a lot of investment income in order to pursue cheap, low-quality components. Through research on the domestic power plants, power plants do well attenuation, attenuation of the annual assembly of generating capacity can do 0.1%, while some components of the product has not been tested, attenuation actually over 60%. Solar PV modules in plastic parts is its quality short board. Plastic parts junction box, sealing silicone, backplanes and EVA film . EVA film which is the weakest part. EVA film, EVA resin and additives by heating the extrusion. Because EVA resin itself readily hydrolyzed to produce acetic acid, has become an important component of many different reasons for power attenuation problems.
Acetic acid sodium salt of the glass can be caused by the reaction of sodium ion migration resulting in attenuation of power components (PID attenuation), the gate line can also be induced by oxidation reaction of the silver pattern phenomenon occurs snails. Japan Chemitox by cells immersed in a dilute solution of acetic acid concentration observed certain changes in the silver grid lines can be gradually proved acetate silver gate line cells surface corrosion narrowed.
Through experimental simulation harsh natural environment, 85 degrees Celsius, 85% humidity and applied voltage 1000V, aged 96 hours, the current use of inexpensive EVA film PV modules are 20% -60% of decay occurs. This means that if the domestic production of components in a power plant environment is not the ideal situation that may happen in 10 years on a large scale attenuation. Even with 96 hours or 192 hours decay test whether PV modules can guarantee 25 years of life is still unknown. Some large temperature difference between morning and evening, or near the water's edge PV plant is crisis-ridden, and these sites due to the low price or no other use is often easy to become a PV power plant is selected.
With the development of PV technology, power users, many countries have anti-decay properties of components made progressively more stringent requirements. For example PVEL PV modules have been raised through 600 hours of anti-PID aging test, while Japan Chemitox raised the need to retain in the case of the module surface water film anti-PID test component attenuation performance. For snail pattern problem of PV modules, there is no pretty standard test methods, but most will be made of cells cracked state assembly and then made alternately aging and exposure to hot and humid. Some EVA film makers to use EVA snail pattern attributed to recycled materials, with no use of EVA material back to promises no snail pattern phenomenon, in fact, this is the performance of fur and EVA resin only know very little understanding of the components and the blind structure made guarantee. Plastics Processing times will naturally lead to a gradual degradation of its own, but in the production of EVA film rarely have the possibility of repeated processing of EVA resin. Water permeability and the choice of formulation and processing lines and snails EVA film solar cell quality, backplane are, design and other aspects of the relationship between the components of both. For EVA film, in order to achieve the anti-snail pattern is more important is how to do their own resistance to hydrolysis.
PV power currently used anti-decay program components to ensure that after 85 degrees Celsius and 85% humidity of 96 hours of aging 1000V PV module power attenuation within 5%. Wei Hai excellent use of new materials AG EVA film anti-PID attenuation attenuation of less than 2% in a number of well-known components of plant trials. In the component surface water film in Japan Chemitox have anti-decay tests, new materials Wei Hai excellent anti-PID attenuation AG EVA film is to become the national assembly plant tested an important guarantee. Which means sea gifted Granville EVA film can in the harsh natural environment, protect PV modules have a longer life.
Plant life of 25 years, according to calculations, the components used in power and attenuation attenuation 0.8% compared to 5%, a difference of 9.4% ROI. Back to a point of view, now the best and worst of EVA material EVA material, the only difference between the cost per watt of 0.03 yuan, that generation made three days of gains can completely cover the costs. According to the British Wind & Sun Company 2.6KW power plant (the UK's first distributed power plants) and Hainan Jianfengling research station, power attenuation EVA yellowing and mostly caused by lightning patterns lead to hot spots, if high-quality EVA, component life completely can be more than 25 years to achieve a higher life. CQC technical engineer Zhang Xue said: Common Station power plant owners to invest considers component cost as low as possible, the actual components of such a concept does not take 25 years of life, and ROI power station, power plant investors should be concerned about the quality of the components, and packaging materials in the components in a very important position, especially EVA material, because the use of low-quality EVA could lead to large-scale outbreaks of lightning power plants and power lines attenuation as domestic installed capacity to grow, more and more prominent. Owners PV power plant investment, the choice of materials for EVA also need to be cautious.
I believe that despite the low quality components to reduce the cost per watt of installed capacity, but significantly reduces the life of the power station, leading to power plant does not meet lifetime decay occurs, even ahead of power plant scrapped. Investors should ignore the power plant construction cost per watt, and then focus on the cost of electricity.
Monday 3 November 2014
New endothermic material may be converted more than 90% of solar energy
US scientists recently discovered a new solar absorbing material, which they called "Light of the black hole" (blackhole of light), because it has superior heat absorption capacity can be 90% of solar energy is converted to heat energy absorbed named, but if the technology used in solar thermal power generation , will revolutionize solar thermal power generation.
University of California, SanDiego UCLA research team has developed this nano-silicon boride shell material (siliconboride-coatednanoshell) in fact can be applied to solar thermal power generation, the researchers said that the application of the material will be able to make the overall efficiency of solar thermal power generation lifting about 30%.
Solar thermal power generation is fundamental that is that with the lowest investment to absorb the maximum amount of solar energy and be efficient use, has long been a path through a variety of techniques to try to improve the conversion efficiency of solar light and heat, but the increase is not too large.
Figure: The new material structure
The researchers said the biggest advantage of this material is its durability, which can withstand temperatures above 700 degrees Celsius and in the outdoor environment instead of a long-term elements of decomposition, which allows light and heat power plants more efficient. Currently, there is a light-absorbing material used in thermal power stations easily decomposed aging defects, after running for some time, the need to maintain the endothermic material replacement, and during normal operation of the power plant will be affected in this maintenance. This new material is completely avoids this problem. The research team said that the material has a longer life.
It is understood that this new material particle molecular diameter of between 10 nm to 10 microns, its special multi-scale structures can be allowed to absorb a lot of sunlight and stable operation at temperatures over 700 degrees Celsius.
The study also received strong support from the US Department of Energy SunShot program, the research results will be in the near future in the form of two separate articles published in the "nano energy" (NanoEnergy) magazine.
The researchers believe that this material is very suitable for having a good commercial prospects tower solar thermal power generation technology, to replace the current tower heat sink material. The material research team has conducted a series of research and development in the past three years on the application of tower technology. But away from the actual application looks like there is some distance to go.
University of California, SanDiego UCLA research team has developed this nano-silicon boride shell material (siliconboride-coatednanoshell) in fact can be applied to solar thermal power generation, the researchers said that the application of the material will be able to make the overall efficiency of solar thermal power generation lifting about 30%.
Solar thermal power generation is fundamental that is that with the lowest investment to absorb the maximum amount of solar energy and be efficient use, has long been a path through a variety of techniques to try to improve the conversion efficiency of solar light and heat, but the increase is not too large.
Figure: The new material structure
The researchers said the biggest advantage of this material is its durability, which can withstand temperatures above 700 degrees Celsius and in the outdoor environment instead of a long-term elements of decomposition, which allows light and heat power plants more efficient. Currently, there is a light-absorbing material used in thermal power stations easily decomposed aging defects, after running for some time, the need to maintain the endothermic material replacement, and during normal operation of the power plant will be affected in this maintenance. This new material is completely avoids this problem. The research team said that the material has a longer life.
It is understood that this new material particle molecular diameter of between 10 nm to 10 microns, its special multi-scale structures can be allowed to absorb a lot of sunlight and stable operation at temperatures over 700 degrees Celsius.
The study also received strong support from the US Department of Energy SunShot program, the research results will be in the near future in the form of two separate articles published in the "nano energy" (NanoEnergy) magazine.
The researchers believe that this material is very suitable for having a good commercial prospects tower solar thermal power generation technology, to replace the current tower heat sink material. The material research team has conducted a series of research and development in the past three years on the application of tower technology. But away from the actual application looks like there is some distance to go.
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